三元有机太阳能电池的制备及机理研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 01:21

本文关键词：三元有机太阳能电池的制备及机理研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为一种清洁的可再生能源技术,有机太阳能电池具有成本低,质量轻,柔性,可大面积制备和原材料丰富等独特优势,成为近年来国内外能源器件研究和光电材料研究的前沿和热点。当前,进一步提升器件的性能仍是有机太阳能电池的研究焦点。本论文主要以增强有源层的光子俘获为切入点,利用三元策略提高有机太阳能电池的光电转换效率,并澄清其相关工作机理。通过甄选材料增强有源层的光子俘获能力及扩展光子俘获范围;通过对有源层及器件的光学、光谱学、形貌学、电学等方面的表征,澄清器件的工作机理。为制备出高效率三元有机太阳能电池在实验设计、材料甄选、工艺优化、机理研究等方面提供了丰富的实验依据和理论分析。本论文的主要结果和创新点可归纳为:(1)研究了不同体系的三元有机太阳能电池,初步掌握了材料物性,制备工艺,工作机理与器件性能之间的关系。吸收光谱互补是设计三元有机太阳能电池的首要条件。高消光系数,高载流子迁移率,与主体系材料能级匹配,兼容性好是甄选第三组分材料的重要条件。基于双给体:富勒烯受体体系,证明了中等带隙:窄带系双给体组合较宽带隙:中等带隙组合具有明显的优势。(2)提出了通过研究双给体器件与单给体器件(无受体)在光照条件下JSC的关系,结合给体溶液和薄膜的PL光谱随第三组分掺杂比例变化的规律,揭示双给体材料间是以能量传递工作机理为主,还是以电荷转移工作机理为主。基于P3HT:SMPV1双给体组合,以P3HT:SMPV1为有源层器件的JSC远高于以P3HT或SMPV1为有源层的器件的值,说明双给体材料间以电荷转移为主。(3)提出通过研究在特定波段光照下,器件的光伏参数随第三组分掺杂比例的变化规律,揭示三元体系中载流子输运的动力学过程。以PCDTBT:SQ:PC71BM为例,在J-V测试过程中,利用截止滤光片仅使波长超过670 nm的太阳光照射器件,根据材料的吸收光谱,这一波段的光子主要被有源层中的SQ俘获。在这种情况下,三元有机太阳能电池的FF明显高于SQPC71BM器件的值;当SQ在给体中的比例达到50%时,三元电池的JSC甚至高于SQPC71BM器件的值;当SQ在给体中的比例逐渐增加时,三元器件的VOC几乎保持不变,其与PCDTBT:PC71BM器件的开路电压值相近。三元器件三个光伏参数的变化表明SQ上的空穴可以有效地转移到PCDTBT上,然后借助于PCDTBT形成的空穴传输通道去传输。(4)系统研地究了小分子三元有机太阳能电池,提出了通过研究平面异质结结构器件的EQE光谱来探究双给体材料间能量传递与载流子输运的动力学过程。通过选用兼容性较好的DRCN5T和DR3TSBDT两种小分子给体材料,制备出效率达到了 10.16%的三元小分子有机太阳能电池,这是目前三元小分子有机太阳能电池效率的最高值之一。通过对共混薄膜形貌,材料HOMO能级和器件VoC的系统研究,证明了该三元有机太阳能电池的主要工作机理为合金模型。通过优化掺杂比例可增强光子俘获、且形成良好的给受体互穿网络结构。基于合金模型的小分子三元有机太阳能电池为材料甄选提供了一定的参考依据。(5)报道了基于双非富勒烯受体的三元有机太阳能电池。将聚合物受体材料N2200 分别掺入到 PBDB-T:ITIC,PBDB-T:ITIC-Th,PBDB-T:IT-M 二元体系中,三种体系的三元有机太阳能电池的效率均超过了其二元器件效率的值。其中基于PBDB-T:IT-M:N2200体系的三元有机太阳能电池的效率达到了 12.01%,这是目前非富勒烯三元有机太阳能电池效率的最高值之一。实验结果证明了聚合物受体可以作为第三组分优化材料提高有机太阳能电池的效率,扩展了三元策略的应用范围。
[Abstract]:As a kind of clean and renewable energy technology, organic solar cell has the advantages of low cost, light weight, flexible, can be prepared in a large area and abundant raw materials and other unique advantages, become the research frontier of domestic and foreign energy devices and optoelectronic materials in recent years. At present, the focus of research to further improve the performance of organic solar cells is still device. This paper mainly to enhance the photon capture of the active layer as the starting point, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells by using three element strategy, and clarify its work mechanism. Through the selection of materials by the active layer of photon capture ability and extended photon capture range; the optical active layer, and devices spectroscopy, morphology characterization, electrical and other aspects, to clarify the mechanism of the device operation. For the preparation of high efficiency three yuan organic solar cell in experimental design, material selection, process optimization The mechanism, research provides the experimental basis and theoretical analysis of the rich. The main results and innovation points can be summarized as follows: (1) three yuan of organic solar cells on different systems, the initial grasp of the material, preparation process, the relationship between the working mechanism and device of energy absorption. The complementary spectrum is the first condition for designing three yuan of organic solar cells. High extinction coefficient, high carrier mobility, matching with the main system of material level, good compatibility is an important condition for material selection of third groups. The double donor based on fullerene acceptor system, proved that the mid gap: dual combination is to narrow wide band gap: Mid gap combination has obvious advantages. (2) proposed by double donor devices and single donor devices (no receptor) relationship in the light conditions of JSC, according to the PL solution and thin film optical spectrum with third components The proportion of variation revealed double donor material is the energy transfer mechanism, or to the charge transfer mechanism. P3HT:SMPV1 to double combination based on P3HT:SMPV1 active layer of the device JSC is much higher than in P3HT or SMPV1 as the active layer of the device with the value of the said double donor materials to charge transfer. (3) proposed by research in a specific band of light, changes of photovoltaic device parameters with third components ratio, dynamic process in three element system of carrier transport is revealed. In the case of PCDTBT:SQ:PC71BM, J-V in the testing process, the use of solar light irradiation device filters only the wavelength is more than 670 nm, according to the absorption spectrum of the material, the photonic bands of major captured by SQ in the active layer. In this case, three yuan of organic solar cell FF was significantly higher than that of the SQPC71BM device when the SQ in value; To body ratio reached 50%, three yuan or even higher than the battery JSC SQPC71BM device; when the SQ increased gradually in the body to the ratio of three components, VOC remained almost unchanged, and the open circuit voltage of PCDTBT:PC71BM device is close to the value of change. Three components of three photovoltaic parameters showed that SQ of the the hole can be effectively transferred to PCDTBT, and then go through the hole transport channel for transmission of PCDTBT. (4) the system study of the small molecular organic solar cell three yuan, put forward EQE spectrum structure device by studying the plane heterogeneity to explore the double to the energy transfer dynamics between material transport and carrier lose. By choosing better compatibility DRCN5T and DR3TSBDT two kinds of small molecule donor materials, preparation efficiency reached three yuan of small molecular organic solar cell 10.16%, which is currently three yuan of small molecular organic solar power The highest value of efficiency. The morphology of the pool blend film, system research materials HOMO level and VoC device, we prove the main working mechanism of the three element organic solar cell for the alloy model. By optimizing the doping ratio can enhance the photon trapping, and the formation of good donor acceptor interpenetrating network structure. The small molecular alloy model three yuan of organic solar cells based on reference basis for material selection. (5) reported three yuan of organic solar cells based on fullerene double non receptor. The polymer materials were incorporated into the N2200 receptor PBDB-T:ITIC, PBDB-T:ITIC-Th, PBDB-T:IT-M in the system of two yuan three yuan, the efficiency of organic solar cells of three systems are more than the value of the components efficiency three yuan. The efficiency of organic solar cells based on PBDB-T:IT-M:N2200 system reached 12.01%, which is currently non fullerene Three yuan is one of the highest values of organic solar cell efficiency. Experimental results show that polymer acceptor can be used as third component optimization material to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells and extend the application scope of three yuan strategy.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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