风电齿轮箱复合故障信号的传递路径研究

发布时间：2018-02-05 18:56

本文关键词： 风电齿轮箱敏感测点相对峭度指标传递路径功率流　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：风能作为新能源的重要组成部分,其产业发展迅速,规模较大。但风电设备运行环境极其恶劣,容易发生故障。风电齿轮箱作为目前风电设备的主流机型的关键部件,其运行状况对整台风机产生很大影响。因此,对风电齿轮箱进行状态监测与故障诊断,进而提高风电机组的可靠性是很有必要的。敏感测点和传递路径分析作为机械设备故障诊断和状态监测的基础部分,一直是研究人员重点关注的内容。目前,风电齿轮箱的结构以一级行星加二级平行轴结构为主,由于这种结构的行星轮在运转中不但自传而且围绕太阳轮公转,所以一旦发生故障,振动信号从故障点传递到传感器的路径是时变的,这为风电齿轮箱的故障诊断带来了巨大的挑战。所以,研究故障振动信号的传递路径显得尤为重要。对于同一个故障,不同的测点导致振动信号的传递路径是不同的,并且其对信号的敏感程度不同。针对振动信号敏感测点的研究将有助于风电齿轮箱故障特征的提取和故障机理的揭示,具有重要的理论和工程价值。本文首先对风电齿轮箱的传动方案、工作原理、结构组成和运行工况等结构特性进行了阐述,总结了风电齿轮箱易于发生的故障类型,选择行星齿轮局部剥落故障和行星架轴承外圈故障作为所研究的故障对象,并分析了风电齿轮箱的结构特性对振动信号的影响。针对此种故障的振动信号,在风电齿轮箱的箱体上布置了5处振动加速度传感器进行测试。为了更好地比较各个传感器测点的敏感程度,首先对采集到的故障振动信号使用自适应共振稀疏分解法进行分解,将故障信息尽可能分解到高共振分量中。在信号分解的过程中,对品质因子和权重系数进行了同时优化,获得了较好的分解效果。而后,提出了相对峭度的概念,并对原始信号和高共振分量采用相对峭度指标进行分析评价,确定出敏感测点所在的位置。为了评价故障点和敏感测点之间的多条振动信号传递路径的重要性,本文提出了基于功率流的传递路径贡献量计算方法,分析了风电齿轮箱故障振动信号的6条传递路径,并使用功率流有限元法对风电齿轮箱故障振动信号的多条传递路径进行了仿真分析,基于提出的理论计算出各条传递路径的总贡献量,并进行排序,确定出故障振动信号的主要传递路径。
[Abstract]:Wind energy as an important part of new energy, its industrial development is rapid, large scale, but the operating environment of wind power equipment is extremely bad. Wind power gearbox is a key part of the mainstream wind power equipment at present, its running condition has a great influence on the whole typhoon machine. Therefore, the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of wind power gearbox are carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the reliability of wind turbine. As the basic part of mechanical equipment fault diagnosis and condition monitoring, sensitive measuring points and transfer path analysis have been the focus of attention of researchers. At present. The structure of the wind power gearbox is mainly composed of the first planet and the second parallel axis. Since the planetary gear of this structure is not only autobiography but also revolves around the sun wheel, once the fault occurs. The path of vibration signal from fault point to sensor is time-varying, which brings a great challenge to the fault diagnosis of wind power gearbox. It is very important to study the transmission path of fault vibration signal. For the same fault, different measuring points lead to different transmission path of vibration signal. And its sensitivity to the signal is different. The research on the vibration signal sensitive measuring point will be helpful to the extraction of the fault characteristics of the wind power gearbox and the revelation of the fault mechanism. It has important theoretical and engineering value. Firstly, this paper describes the transmission scheme, working principle, structure composition and operating conditions of wind power gearbox. This paper summarizes the fault types of wind power gearbox and selects the local spalling fault of planetary gear and the fault of outer ring of planetary frame bearing as the fault objects. The influence of the structural characteristics of the wind power gearbox on the vibration signal is analyzed, and the vibration signal for this fault is also analyzed. In order to better compare the sensitivity of each sensor, five vibration accelerometers were arranged on the box of wind power gearbox. Firstly, the fault vibration signals are decomposed by adaptive resonance sparse decomposition method, and the fault information is decomposed into high resonance components as far as possible. In the process of signal decomposition. The quality factor and weight coefficient are optimized at the same time, and a good decomposition effect is obtained. Then, the concept of relative kurtosis is proposed, and the relative kurtosis index is used to analyze and evaluate the original signal and the high resonance component. In order to evaluate the importance of multiple vibration signal transmission paths between fault points and sensitive measurement points, a method of calculating the contribution of transmission path based on power flow is proposed. Six transmission paths of wind power gearbox fault vibration signal are analyzed, and power flow finite element method is used to simulate multiple transmission paths of wind power gearbox fault vibration signal. Based on the proposed theory, the total contribution of each transmission path is calculated and sorted, and the main transmission path of the fault vibration signal is determined.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM614

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