基于改性钙钛矿材料制备的太阳能电池器件性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 04:43

  本文关键词： 钙钛矿的改性 HC(NH_2)PbI_3(FAPbI_3) 混合阳离子 退火温度　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于有机/无极杂化钙钛矿制备的太阳能电池,因其高效的光电转换效率和廉价的材料,被人们认为是一个很有前景的光伏技术。2012年,第一次报道固态钙钛矿电池效率达9.7%,并且器件封装后,在空气中能长时间保持性能。到2014年,文献报道的钙钛矿器件性能就达到了 19.2%,且被认证的钙钛矿器件性能达17.9%。到2016年钙钛矿器件的认证效率已经超过了 22%。这么出色的光电性能,源自于有机/无极杂化钙钛矿本身的高效光吸收能力、平衡且长扩散距离电子传输特性。而最近在钙钛矿太阳能电池领域,钙钛矿材料的改性引起了人们的关注。如CH_3NH_3PbCl_3(MAPbCl_3)比CH_3NH_3PbI3(MAPbI3)拥有更长的扩散长度,距离能达微米级。同时,使用Cl-离子代替I-离子,可以降低钙钛矿薄膜的结晶速率,从而提高表面结晶度,更好的控制钙钛矿结晶。HC(NH2)PbI3(FAPbI3)相比于MAPbI3拥有更小的带隙,更宽的光吸收范围以及更高的光电转换能力。但是,在FAPbI3制备器件过程中也存在问题:FAPbI3正常空气环境下存在两种晶体结构,即"黑色"钙钛矿结构(α-FAPbI3)以及"黄色"非钙钛矿结构(δ-FAPbI3),而后者对钙钛矿电池性能有很不利影响。通过工艺的改进来抑制非钙钛矿结构的δ-FAPbI3对于提高以FAPbI3为光吸收层的太阳能电池尤为重要。本文的主要研究分为两个部分:(1)本文以ITO/PEDOT:PSS/钙钛矿/PCBM/A1平面异质结结构为基础。针对两种不同的钙钛矿改性材料器件,分别对在钙钛矿薄膜制备过程中的影响因素进行优化,如:退火温度、环境和萃取溶剂的选取、滴涂时间等。优化所得器件的平均光电转换效率分别为9.1%、8.7%。同时在这个基础上,将MAI和FAI混合制备钙钛矿器件。最终优化器件平均效率为14.0%,最优器件效率达14.8%。(2)研究退火温度对混合阳离子钙钛矿器件的影响。通过一系列的测试方法对钙钛矿薄膜进行测试,如X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外/可见/近红外吸收光谱仪等。本文论证了对于混合阳离子钙钛矿,100℃的退火温度已经能促进钙钛矿完全结晶,同时相比于文献报道的150℃的退火温度更有利于钙钛矿结晶,制备的钙钛矿薄膜表面更平整、结晶颗粒更大。
[Abstract]:Solar cells based on organic / electrodeless hybrid perovskite are considered to be a promising photovoltaic technology for their high photoelectric conversion efficiency and cheap materials. It is reported for the first time that solid state perovskite batteries have an efficiency of 9. 7% and that the devices are encapsulated to maintain their performance in the air for a long time. The perovskite device performance reported in the literature has reached 19.2um, and the certified perovskite device performance has reached 17.9. By 2016, the certification efficiency of the perovskite device has exceeded 22.1% of the outstanding optoelectronic performance. Derived from the organic / electrodeless hybrid perovskite itself with high photoabsorption, equilibrium and long diffusion distance electron transport characteristics. Recently, in perovskite solar cells, The modification of perovskite materials has attracted much attention. For example, CH3NH3PbCl3MAPbCl3) has a longer diffusion length and a range of microns than CH3NH3PbCl3MAPbCl3. At the same time, the use of Cl-ions instead of I- ions can reduce the crystallization rate of perovskite films. Thus increasing the surface crystallinity and controlling the perovskite crystallization. HCO NH2PbI3PbI3FAPbI3) has smaller band gap, wider optical absorption range and higher photoelectric conversion ability than MAPbI3. There are also two kinds of crystal structures in the normal air environment of FAPbI3. That is, the "black" perovskite structure (伪 -FAPbI3) and the "yellow" non-perovskite structure (未 -FAPbI3), which have a very adverse effect on the performance of perovskite batteries. By improving the process, 未 -FAPbI3 with non-perovskite structure can improve the photoabsorption of FAPbI3. This paper is based on ITO / PEDOT: PSS / PCBM / A1 plane heterojunction structure. For two different kinds of perovskite modified material devices, The factors affecting the preparation of perovskite thin films are optimized, such as annealing temperature, environment, extraction solvent selection, drop coating time, etc. The average photoelectric conversion efficiency of the optimized devices is respectively 9.1 and 8.7. Perovskite devices were prepared by mixing MAI and FAI. The average efficiency was 14.0 and the optimal device efficiency was 14.80.The effect of annealing temperature on the mixed cationic perovskite devices was studied. The perovskite films were tested by a series of test methods. For example, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet / visible / near infrared absorption spectrometer, etc. It is proved that the annealing temperature of 100 鈩，

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