分布式发电用小型垂直轴风力发电机的研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 16:14

本文关键词： 新能源垂直轴风力机偏转式发电机流体动力学控制方法　出处：《河北科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：风能是一种清洁、可再生能源,是未来新能源发展的重要组成部分。在风力机将风能转换为机械能的过程中,风轮是主要的部件,并分为水平轴风力机和垂直轴风力机。垂直轴风力机具有启动转速低,不受风向限制,运行范围宽等优点,因此受到各国广泛关注。本文主要研究一种新型垂直轴风力发电机,风力发电系统主要包括三个部分:垂直轴风力机、两自由度永磁同步发电机和控制部分。风能经风轮转换为机械能,进而传送给发电机,最后通过与控制部分相结合进行风力发电。具体工作内容归纳如下:1)本文提出一种新型垂直轴风力机系统结构,采用ANSYS WORKBENCH流体力学分析软件建立风力机的三维模型,计算风力机在不同转速下产生的机械转矩。通过改变参数,包括风轮的结构,两侧风轮互错的角度和风速方向,重新仿真计算出转矩系数和风能利用系数等结果,与本文模型结果相比较,体现了新型垂直轴风力机的结构优势,最后建立风轮数学模型;2)发电机使用专门设计的偏转式永磁同步发电机,可以通过控制使其进入电动状态运行,实现两自由度旋转。发电机具有分布式绕组和集中式绕组,分别用于实现发电和电动状态。采用ANSOFT MAXWELL电磁场分析软件建立两自由度发电机的三维模型,并对发电机在发电状态下的电流、电压等输出特性进行了分析;3)分析风机实现最大功率跟踪的几种方法,结合本文风力机的特点,最终采用最佳尖速比控制法与矢量控制相结合,建立风机控制系统模型;4)在MATLAB/SIMULINK软件下,搭建了风速模型、风轮模型和永磁同步发电机模型,使用上述模型,建立风力发电机系统的仿真模型,对风机系统进行发电特性仿真分析。
[Abstract]:Wind energy is a kind of clean, renewable energy and an important part of the development of new energy in the future. In the process of converting wind energy into mechanical energy, wind turbine is the main component. The vertical axis wind turbine has the advantages of low starting speed, no restriction of wind direction, wide range of operation and so on, so it has attracted wide attention in many countries. In this paper, a new type of vertical axis wind turbine is studied. Wind power system consists of three parts: vertical axis wind turbine, two degree of freedom permanent magnet synchronous generator and control part. Wind energy is converted into mechanical energy by wind turbine and then transmitted to generator. Finally, wind power generation is carried out by combining with the control part. The specific work is summarized as follows: 1) this paper presents a new vertical axis wind turbine system structure, and uses ANSYS WORKBENCH hydrodynamic analysis software to establish the three-dimensional model of the wind turbine. By changing the parameters, including the structure of the wind turbine, the angle between the two sides of the wind turbine and the direction of the wind speed, the results of the torque coefficient and the wind energy utilization coefficient are re-simulated. Compared with the results of the model in this paper, it reflects the structural advantages of the new vertical axis wind turbine. Finally, the wind turbine mathematical model is established. The generator uses a specially designed permanent magnet synchronous generator, which can be operated in an electric state by control. The generator has distributed windings and centralized windings, which are used to realize the power generation and electric state, respectively. The three-dimensional model of the two-degree-of-freedom generator is established by using ANSOFT MAXWELL electromagnetic field analysis software. This paper also analyzes the output characteristics of generator in the state of generation, such as current and voltage, and analyzes several methods of realizing the maximum power tracking of the fan, combining the characteristics of the wind turbine in this paper. Finally, the optimal tip speed ratio control method and vector control method are used to establish the fan control system model. Under the MATLAB/SIMULINK software, wind speed model, wind turbine model and permanent magnet synchronous generator model are built, and the above models are used. The simulation model of wind turbine system is established, and the generation characteristics of fan system are simulated and analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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