平面异质结钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备和Fe掺杂特性研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 19:33

本文关键词： 太阳能电池转换效率制备钙钛矿材料掺杂　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来,钙钛矿电池的加入又为该行业增添了几分色彩。钙钛矿电池可以制成许多种类,如:介孔结构的钙钛矿电池、平面异质结钙钛矿电池、无空穴传输层电池、介孔-平面杂化结构电池等。其中n-i-p平面结构钙钛矿电池结构更为简单、灵活,为下一步叠层电池的发展提供了可能,而成为人们研究的焦点。器件性能优劣与钙钛矿薄膜的形貌和质量有很大的联系,因此制备高质量的钙钛矿薄膜显得尤为重要。同时,随着钙钛矿电池的进一步发展,产业化、商品化的逐渐展开,铅污染问题也引起了人们的关注。本论文集中于通过调控钙钛矿薄膜的形貌和浓度工程来改善薄膜的质量,提高电池的效率,并初步研究了Fe离子掺杂对薄膜性能的影响。主要研究工作及结果如下:(1)采用一步旋涂法,通过控制反溶剂的滴加时间研究了钙钛矿薄膜的成膜特性。实验中,以氯苯为反溶剂,高速旋涂时间为25s。薄膜的形貌对反溶剂的滴加时间非常敏感:当滴加时间过早时,薄膜呈针状生长,孔洞较多;随着滴加时间的延后,薄膜表面由疏松且针孔状态逐渐转变为致密度较高的状态,其中在高速18s时滴加氯苯效果最佳;当滴加时间过晚,薄膜又恢复为针状、多孔洞特性。通过XRD及吸收谱发现,滴加时间为18s时制备的薄膜的结晶特性及对可见光的吸收最高,运用到平面电池器件中,制备的器件的性能最好。(2)研究了PbI_2相对含量对钙钛矿层及电池性能的影响。当PbI_2的含量较低或高时尽管薄膜晶粒尺寸均有所增大,但晶粒间界相互分离,产生大量的微缝隙,使器件性能较差;当PbI_2与CH_3NH_3I的浓度为等摩尔比时,其PL强度相对与CH_3NH_3I过量情况虽有所下降,但形成的膜致密、平整,制备的器件的性能最好,获得了9.5%的转换效率。(3)采用分步浸泡法研究Fe掺杂对CH_3NH_3PbI3薄膜性能的影响。以FeCl_2作为铁源,通过对不同比例下形成的钙钛矿的XRD图分析,其(110)晶面随着FeCl_2的增多,发生了微小的移动;当FeCl_2的比例较高时,通过其光吸收谱及PL谱分析发现,所形成的钙钛矿的光吸收谱及光致发光谱发生了蓝移。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the addition of perovskite batteries has added some color to the industry. Perovskite batteries can be made into many kinds, such as mesoporous perovskite cells, planar heterojunction perovskite cells, hole-free transport layer batteries. The structure of n-i-p planar perovskite cell is simpler and more flexible, which provides the possibility for the further development of laminated battery. The properties of perovskite films are closely related to the morphology and quality of perovskite films, so it is very important to prepare high quality perovskite thin films. At the same time, with the further development of perovskite batteries, the production of perovskite thin films becomes more and more important. With the development of commercialization, the problem of lead pollution has attracted much attention. In this paper, the quality of perovskite films and the efficiency of batteries are improved by controlling the morphology and concentration of perovskite films. The effects of Fe ion doping on the properties of perovskite thin films were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) the film forming characteristics of perovskite films were studied by controlling the dropping time of antisolvent by one-step spin coating method. With chlorobenzene as the antisolvent, the high speed spin-coating time is 25 s. The morphology of the film is very sensitive to the antisolvent dropping time. The surface of the film was gradually changed from loose and pinhole state to high density state, in which chlorobenzene was the most effective at high speed of 18 s, and the film returned to acicular and porous state when the dropping time was too late. It was found by XRD and absorption spectra, The crystallization characteristics and absorption of visible light of the thin films prepared with 18 s drop time were the highest, and the films were applied to planar battery devices. The effect of the relative content of PbI_2 on the perovskite layer and the performance of the battery was studied. When the content of PbI_2 was low or high, the grain boundaries were separated from each other, and a large number of microcracks occurred, although the grain size of the films increased. When the concentration of PbI_2 and CH_3NH_3I is equal molar ratio, the PL intensity of the device decreases relative to the excess of CH_3NH_3I, but the film is compact and smooth, and the device has the best performance. The effect of Fe doping on the properties of CH_3NH_3PbI3 thin films was studied by stepwise immersion method. The effect of Fe doping on the properties of CH_3NH_3PbI3 thin films was studied by means of the conversion efficiency of 9.5%. With FeCl_2 as Tie Yuan, the XRD diagram of perovskite formed at different ratios showed that the crystal faces increased with the increase of FeCl_2. When the ratio of FeCl_2 is high, the blue shift of photoabsorption spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum of perovskite is found by the analysis of photoluminescence and photoluminescence spectra of perovskite.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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