基于MPPT的光伏充电控制器的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-03-05 10:44

本文选题：光伏系统　切入点：最大功率跟踪　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伴随人类文明的进步以及经济的发展,能源危机和环境问题越来越引起人们的关注。太阳能作为清洁的新能源代表,已成为全球大力发展能源形式之一。而对太阳能的应用形式之一就是光伏发电系统,光伏电池输出效果的优劣和储能设备工作状态的好坏将直接影响整个系统的稳定,因此如何提高光伏电池输出效率和储能设备的充电管理水平是本文研究的问题。针对上述问题,本文开展了 “基于MPPT的光伏充电控制器的研究与设计”,具体包含以下内容:1.从基础理论入手,研究光伏电池与蓄电池的基本原理和特点,并采用Simulink建立光伏电池的仿真模型,分析光伏电池的输出特性和蓄电池的充放电特性,对比蓄电池的充电策略优缺,提出与最大功率点追踪控制相结合的改进充电策略。2.由于光伏电池的输出特性问题,研究光伏电池的最大功率点追踪(MPPT)算法。首先分析MPPT原理以及常用追踪算法,其次通过Simulink建立仿真模型比较光伏电池最大功率点追踪算法的追踪效果,最后提出改进将恒定电压法与扰动观测法结合,得到一种最大功率点追踪算法,仍采用仿真与常用方法对比改进效果,具有快速性和稳定性。3.设计充电控制器的整体方案,根据充电控制器的控制功能要求,采用ATmega128单片机设计了充电控制器的软硬件系统。硬件上完成主电路关键器件参数计算,设计主控电路,DC/DC转换电路、驱动电源电路、信号采集电路、保护电路、显示电路等;软件上设计系统控制总流程、充电方式选择程序、终止充电程序、过放电保护程序等。4.最后对设计的基于MPPT的充电控制器进行实验测试,通过实验数据的分析得出充电控制器具有较好的充电效果,达到预期设计效果,实现对光伏电池的最大功率点跟踪和对蓄电池的快速高效充电。
[Abstract]:With the progress of human civilization and economic development, the energy crisis and environmental problems have attracted more and more attention. Solar energy as a clean new energy representative, One of the applications of solar energy is photovoltaic power generation system. The output effect of photovoltaic cell and the working condition of energy storage equipment will directly affect the stability of the whole system. Therefore, how to improve the output efficiency of photovoltaic cells and the charge management level of energy storage equipment is the problem studied in this paper. In this paper, the research and design of photovoltaic charge controller based on MPPT is carried out, which includes the following contents: 1. The basic principle and characteristics of photovoltaic cell and battery are studied from the basic theory, and the simulation model of photovoltaic cell is established by Simulink. This paper analyzes the output characteristics of photovoltaic cells and the charge-discharge characteristics of the batteries, compares the charging strategies of the batteries, and proposes an improved charging strategy combining with the maximum power point tracking control. 2. Due to the problem of the output characteristics of the photovoltaic cells, This paper studies the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm of photovoltaic cells. Firstly, the principle of MPPT and the common tracking algorithms are analyzed. Secondly, the simulation model of Simulink is established to compare the tracking effect of the maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic cells. Finally, an improved maximum power point tracking algorithm is proposed by combining constant voltage method with disturbance observation method. Simulation is still used to compare the improved results with those of common methods. It has the advantages of rapidity and stability. 3. The overall scheme of charging controller is designed. According to the control function requirement of the charge controller, the hardware and software system of the charge controller is designed by using ATmega128 single chip microcomputer, the parameters of the main circuit are calculated in hardware, the DC / DC converter circuit is designed, and the power supply circuit is driven. Signal acquisition circuit, protection circuit, display circuit, etc. Finally, the experimental test of the designed charging controller based on MPPT is carried out. Through the analysis of the experimental data, it is concluded that the charging controller has better charging effect and achieves the expected design effect. The maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic cell and the rapid and efficient charging of the battery are realized.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM910.6

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