电动汽车充电站对电网的影响及改善策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 01:31

本文选题：电动汽车充电站　切入点：整流装置　出处：《河北科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电动汽车数量的迅速增长致使越来越多的电动汽车充电站接入电网,而电动汽车充电机作为非线性负荷,在充电过程中会产生大量不规则谐波,影响电网的电能质量。电动汽车充电行为是不确定的,这使得电动汽车接入电网会给电网的控制与管理带来较大的不确定性。它将导致一些时间段的功率显著提高,如果不适当管制充放电行为,在负荷峰值时期必然会引发负面的影响。本文运用MATLAB/simulink软件构建电动汽车充电机的仿真模型,利用powergui模块的FFT,分析了充电机注入交流电网的谐波特点和性质。在单台充电机的基础上,通过创建模块组的方式简化仿真界面,构建含有不同台数充电机的电动汽车充电站仿真模型,研究不同台数充电机的充电站对电网产生的谐波电流的影响。利用LC无源滤波器对三相桥式不控整流装置的充电机进行滤波处理,并提出用双三相桥12脉波整流电路的整流器对充电机进行改进,以减小电动汽车充电站对电网产生的影响。分析总结出大型电动汽车快速充电站适合选用双三相桥12脉波整流装置的充电机,小型充电站适合选用三相桥式不控整流装置的充电机。依据电动汽车充电的不确定性,本文还使用日行驶里程的时刻和日行驶里程的正态分布公式,模拟得出了大规模电动汽车接入电网后的充电负荷模形,并依据电动汽车对电价反映方案的不同作出归类,分别模拟了电动汽车充电、放电行为对TOU的响应模型。然后根据模型的数据,得出实行峰谷分时电价后的负荷曲线。在使用峰谷分时电价后,负荷曲线得到了改善,即日最大负荷有所改善,峰谷差有所缩小。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the number of electric vehicles, more and more charging stations of electric vehicles are connected to the power grid. As a nonlinear load, electric vehicle chargers will produce a large number of irregular harmonics in the charging process. The charging behavior of electric vehicles is uncertain, which makes it possible for electric vehicles to connect to the power grid to bring greater uncertainty to the control and management of the power grid. It will lead to a significant increase in power in some time periods. If the charge and discharge behavior is not properly regulated, it will inevitably lead to negative effects during the peak load period. In this paper, the simulation model of electric vehicle charger is constructed by using MATLAB/simulink software. By using the powergui module, the harmonic characteristics and properties of the AC grid injected by the charger are analyzed. On the basis of the single charger, the simulation interface is simplified by creating the module group. The simulation model of electric vehicle charging station with different number of rechargeers is constructed. The influence of charging stations of different number of charging machines on the harmonic current generated by the power grid is studied. The LC passive filter is used to filter the charger of the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifier. The rectifier of double three-phase bridge 12 pulse wave rectifier is proposed to improve the charger. In order to reduce the influence of electric vehicle charging station on the power grid, the paper analyzes and summarizes that the fast charging station of large electric vehicle is suitable for the charger with double three-phase bridge 12 pulse wave rectifier. The small charging station is suitable for selecting the charger with three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifier. According to the uncertainty of electric vehicle charging, this paper also uses the formula of the time of daily mileage and the normal distribution of daily mileage. In this paper, the charging load mode of large-scale electric vehicle connected to the power grid is obtained, and the electric vehicle charging is simulated according to the different schemes of electric vehicle pricing. The response model of discharge behavior to TOU. Then, according to the data of the model, the load curve of peak-valley time-sharing price is obtained. After the use of peak-valley time-sharing price, the load curve is improved, and the daily maximum load is improved. The difference between peaks and valleys has narrowed.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.8;TM732

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