太阳能LED路灯智能控制系统的设计

发布时间：2018-03-11 09:46

本文选题：太阳能LED路灯　切入点：双向同步整流　出处：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市建设和道路交通的高速发展,人们对节能路灯照明产品的需求与日俱增。太阳能LED路灯兼具有太阳能无污染、可循环利用的长处及LED照明高效节能、环保、寿命长和容易控制等优点,是当今路灯照明用电研究的主题,显示出巨大的发展前景。为能实现太阳能LED路灯的长寿命以及高效率,专家学者对于太阳能LED路灯控制系统做了很多深入研究。目前研发出对太阳能LED路灯有帮助的智能功能有12/24V自适应、分时段放电功能、手持机控制功能、电池低压自动降功率功能、MPPT充电功能、记忆功能等,但由于在当前拓扑结构下,多个功能在实现上具有互相矛盾的需求、难以同时实现,现有的产品一般只具有上述功能中的某几种。在综合考虑整个系统的效率、空载损耗、成本的情况下,本文用一种新的拓扑结构设计了一种通用性较强的太阳能LED路灯智能控制系统,不仅实现了现有控制系统能实现的全部功能,而且还独创性地实现了阴雨天自动降功率以及自适应晨亮功能。智能控制系统由控制器和手持机构成,控制器以双向同步整流BUCK/BOOST电路作为电源变换的主电路,减少了开关器件的损耗,也减小了体积和成本;在该电路的基础上引入最大功率点跟踪算法来控制充电过程,以此来提高系统对太阳能的利用率;通过完善的过充和过放保护手段,延长锂电池的寿命;在放电情况下,通过电流负反馈保持LED电流恒定,使光照稳定无闪烁、延缓LED的光衰;控制器还具有自动判断日夜并切换充电和放电状态的功能;而且还能自动分析冬夏夜晚长度变化并合理规划夜晚亮灯时段变化,使得在人们最需要的时候能提供足够的照明。另外,通过手持机可以设置太阳能板电压、电池保护电压、LED灯电流、夜晚分时段改变LED灯亮度等工作参数,从而使系统可以适应不同规格和特性的太阳能板、电池、LED灯;通过手持机还可以读取控制器的运行参数,既可以评估系统工作情况,还可以通过一段时间的过充、过放次数评估太阳能板及锂电池容量设置合理与否。本文在结合大量相关文档以及工程师提供的技术指标的情况下,提出了太阳能LED路灯智能控制系统的设计方案,阐述了智能控制系统各个部分的实现方法以及硬件、软件设计思想,最大程度上去实现太阳能LED路灯的智能化控制,经实验室和现场实验表明,所设计的智能控制系统通用性强、效率高、工作稳定,应用于路灯照明能带来巨大的社会效益和经济价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban construction and road traffic, the demand for energy-saving street lamp lighting products is increasing. Solar LED street lamp has the advantages of solar energy pollution, recycling, LED lighting, high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection. The advantages of long life and easy control are the subject of the research on street lamp lighting and electricity, which shows great development prospects. In order to realize the long life and high efficiency of solar LED street lamp, Experts and scholars have done a lot of in-depth research on the solar LED streetlight control system. At present, the intelligent functions that have been developed to help solar LED street lamps are 12 / 24V adaptive, phased discharge, handheld control. Battery low-voltage automatic power reduction function MPPT charging function, memory function, etc., but in the current topology, many functions have conflicting requirements in the realization, so it is difficult to realize simultaneously. Existing products generally have only one of the above functions. When considering the efficiency, no-load loss, and cost of the whole system, In this paper, a solar LED street lamp intelligent control system is designed with a new topology, which not only realizes all the functions that the existing control system can achieve. The intelligent control system is composed of controller and handheld mechanism. The controller uses bi-directional synchronous rectifier BUCK/BOOST circuit as the main circuit of power conversion. On the basis of the circuit, the maximum power point tracking algorithm is introduced to control the charging process to improve the utilization of solar energy. The lifetime of lithium battery is prolonged by perfect overcharge and overdischarge protection, and the LED current is kept constant through negative feedback of current under discharge condition, which makes the illumination stable and does not flicker, and delays the light decay of LED. The controller also has the function of automatically judging the day and night and switching the state of charge and discharge, and can also automatically analyze the length of the winter and summer nights and reasonably plan the change of the night light period. In addition, the handheld can set solar panel voltage, battery protection voltage, LED lamp current, change the brightness of LED lamp in different periods of time at night, etc. So that the system can adapt to different specifications and characteristics of solar panels, battery LED lights; through the handset can also read the operating parameters of the controller, not only can evaluate the system's performance, but also through a period of time to overcharge, In this paper, based on a large number of relevant documents and technical specifications provided by engineers, a design scheme of solar LED street lamp intelligent control system is proposed. The realization method of each part of the intelligent control system and the design idea of hardware and software are expounded. The intelligent control of solar LED street lamp is realized to the greatest extent. The laboratory and field experiments show that, The designed intelligent control system has the advantages of high generality, high efficiency and stable operation. The application of the intelligent control system to street lighting can bring great social and economic value.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM923.34

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