螺旋叶片式水力发电装置试验研究与样机开发

发布时间：2018-03-16 06:43

本文选题：螺旋叶片转轮　切入点：低水头　出处：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：螺旋叶片在人类文明进程中拥有悠久的应用历史,从古埃及时代的农业提水泵,到现代的物料输送、心脏移植设备,螺旋叶片类装置得到不断改进,并在诸多领域发挥了重要作用。20世纪末,螺旋叶片在微水电领域又迎来新生,欧洲人从阿基米德螺旋泵获得启发,率先开发出高效、生态环保、适用于低水头的螺旋叶片式水力发电装置,目前已经应用于欧洲发达国家的低水头场合,并取得较好的生态和经济效益,因而国际上也掀起了对该新装置的研究热潮,但在国内,相关的研究或应用还未见公开报道。螺旋叶片式水力发电装置是一种新型的分布式能源开发方式,可为偏远山区、农业设备、城市水处理设备供电,还能实现水库、水电站余能回收。我国低水头资源不计其数,国家也正大力支持分布式能源开发,若能促进该新型水电装置在我国的应用,不仅有利于实现我国节能减排的战略目标,还可以促进水电行业生态文明建设。本文针对该水力发电装置进行了试验研究以及样机开发,主要内容及成果如下:1.介绍该装置的主要结构和参数,与传统微型水轮机对比,分析该装置的优缺点。并概括目前的效率模型:Nagel模型只考虑了间隙泄漏对效率的影响,淹深充分时有一定的准确性,Muller模型将螺旋叶片简化,结果表明效率与泄漏、几何参数和淹没深度都有关,而Murray模型不仅考虑了转轮的几何参数,还引入了淹没深度和转速,是目前较为全面的效率模型。2.搭建低水头水力测试试验台,分别对螺旋叶片转轮和冲击式转轮进行对比试验研究。由结果分析可知:(1)两种转轮的转速均随其转矩的增大而逐渐减小,螺旋叶片转轮比冲击式转轮的转速范围宽,但转矩范围相对较窄。(2)两种转轮轴功率均随转速呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在一定转速范围内,试验螺旋叶片转轮轴功率保持最大值,且大于冲击式转轮功率,只要能选定合适的转速,螺旋叶片转轮就能拥有较高的发电功率。(3)螺旋叶片转轮的效率随转速先增大后减小,在一定转速范围内效率维持较高水平,在较宽转速区,螺旋叶片转轮的效率都大于冲击式转轮。3.建立了简化的螺旋叶片转轮受力模型,对样机零部件进行选型设计,解决了如下关键技术问题:(1)设计开发了适用于螺旋叶片式水力发电装置的水润滑轴承,结构上省去了密封装置,保证水润滑效果的同时不会对水体造成污染,且安装、拆卸方便,易于维护;其材料选用方面,轴套和轴瓦采用耐磨、耐腐蚀的不锈钢和青铜,适用于螺旋叶片转轮部分浸水且转速低的场合。(2)对轴承座结构进行了特殊设计,解决了因常规焊件尺寸过大,加工精度难以保证的难题,同时保证了装配时转轮轴与外圆筒流道的同心度,继而从结构设计角度避免了样机加工和装配的难题。(3)在保证加工要求的前提下集成螺旋叶片转轮、变速箱、发电机、外圆筒和支架体等主要部件,完成集装式样机的结构设计,从而减小土建施工量。4.考虑样机制造的适用性、简便性,给出加工所需的毛胚材料选用方案,并介绍螺旋叶片转轮、支架、轴承座、压盖等零件的加工工艺,以及变速箱和发电机等零部件的装配过程和外观维护,其中螺旋叶片是加工的难点,本文介绍了一种可行的拉伸焊接方法。螺旋叶片式水力发电装置样机的成功制造,为后续的示范应用奠定了良好基础。
[Abstract]:The spiral blades have long tradition in the process of human civilization, ancient Egyptian times to the modern agricultural water pump, material conveying, heart transplantation equipment, spiral blade device has been improved in many areas, and played an important role in the.20 century, ushered in the new spiral blade in the field of Micro Hydropower, European inspired from the Archimedes spiral pump, pioneered the development of high efficiency, environmental protection, spiral blade type hydraulic power device suitable for low head and low head occasions has been used in European countries, and achieved good ecological and economic benefits, the international community has also raised the research upsurge of the new device, but in the domestic. Related research or application has not been publicly reported. The spiral vane hydraulic power generating device is a new type of distributed energy development mode for remote mountainous areas, agricultural equipment, city City water treatment equipment supply, but also to achieve energy recovery in hydropower station reservoir, low head resources in China. The country is also too many to count, vigorously support the development of distributed energy, to promote the application of new type power device in our country, not only conducive to the realization of the goals and energy conservation and emission reduction in China, but also can promote the hydropower industry ecology civilization construction. In this paper, experimental research and prototype development for the hydraulic power device, the main contents and results are as follows: 1. introduces the main structure and parameters of the device, and the traditional micro turbine comparison, analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the device. And summarize current efficiency model: Nagel model only considers the leakage effect on efficiency the deep submergence fully when there is a certain degree of accuracy, the Muller model of the spiral blade is simplified, and the results show that the efficiency of leakage, are related to the geometric parameters and the submerged depth, while the Murray model considers not only the The geometric parameters of the turbine, also introduces the submergence depth and speed, is currently the.2. efficiency model, comprehensively build a low head hydraulic test bench, respectively. Comparative experimental research was carried out on the runner and the impact of helical blade runner. From the analysis results: (1) increased two wheel speed were increased with torque gradually reduced, spiral blade runner runner than the impact speed range, but the torque range is relatively narrow. (2) the two wheel shaft power is decreased as the speed increased first and then decreased, in a certain range of speed test, the spiral blade runner shaft power to maintain the maximum and is larger than the impact rotary power. As long as you can select the appropriate speed, power will have a higher spiral blade runner. (3) the efficiency of wheel spiral vane with rotating speed increased first and then decreased in certain speed range to maintain a high level of efficiency, in a wide The speed, efficiency is greater than the impact of runner vane type rotary.3. spiral blade runner simplified mechanical model is established, selection of design of prototype parts, the key technical problems are as follows: (1) the water lubricated bearing designed for spiral vane hydraulic power generation device, eliminating the sealing structure device, ensure the water lubrication effect at the same time not to water pollution, and installation, convenient disassembly, easy maintenance; the selection of materials, the sleeve and the bushing wear and corrosion resistance of stainless steel and bronze, suitable for rotary helical blade partially submerged and low speed applications. (2) of the bearing seat of the special structure design, solves the problem of conventional welding size is too large, the problem is difficult to guarantee the machining accuracy, but also ensure the assembly wheel shaft and the outer cylinder flow concentricity, and avoid the kind of structure from the angle of design The problem of machining and assembly. (3) in the premise of ensuring the processing requirements of integrated spiral blade runner, gearbox, generator, main parts of the outer cylinder and the bracket body, structure design of prototype container type, thereby reducing the construction quantity of.4. considering the applicability of prototype simplicity, are required for processing the blank material selection scheme, and introduces the spiral blade runner, bracket, bearing seat, cover and other parts of the machining process, assembly process and appearance as well as other parts of the gearbox and generator maintenance, which is the difficult point of spiral blade processing, this paper presents a feasible method for welding tensile screw blade type hydraulic power. The success of the prototype manufacturing, and laid a good foundation for the subsequent demonstration application.

【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM612

【参考文献】