电动汽车车载V2G充电机及其电磁兼容性研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 23:13

本文选题：电动汽车　切入点：V2G充电机　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着技术的不断发展,电动汽车与电网的双向信息能量互联互动技术(即Vehicle-to-Grid,V2G)成为研究热点,具备V2G功能的电动汽车不再仅仅是电网电力的消费体,电动汽车在受控的条件下可以向电网提供各类辅助服务。电动汽车车载V2G充电机是实现电动汽车与智能电网之间信息能量双向互联互动的关键设备,本文针对具有V2G功能的车载充电机展开研究。电动汽车车载V2G充电机是实现电动汽车与智能电网之间信息能量双向互联互动的关键设备,本文提出了一种基于可逆单相全桥结构与双有源桥结构的车载双向充电机方案,给出了系统各拓扑结构选择思路,并结合充电机实际工况进行了参数和电路设计,搭建了车载V2G充电机的实验样机,完成了双向功率因数校正实验以及恒压恒流实验,实验结果表明:网侧电流THD小于5%,对电网的谐波污染小。由于车载设备对于电磁兼容的严格标准要求,对充电机的PCB板与结构进行了系统级电磁兼容协同仿真与优化,采用SIwave和ANSYS Designer对PCB板进行信号完整性分析与实际工况仿真,基于分析结果给出了PCB板布局布线优化方法,优化后的布线在高频段的增益降低,谐振点数量减少,信号网络之间的串扰噪音得以抑制,利用PCB板近场辐射仿真结果作为辐射源实现了PCB板与车载V2G充电机机箱之间的系统级电磁兼容协同仿真,确定了车载V2G充电机系统内外的电磁辐射干扰强度与方向,仿真结果证明其最大辐射电场强度为2dBμV/m,辐射强度满足电场辐射的国际标准CISPR22。为了解决大量充电机并网充放电时可能对电网造成的较为严重的谐波污染,降低电动汽车充放电对电网的影响,本文针对V2G充电机单台与集群充放电时的谐波特性进行了研究,分析了V2G充电机充放电情况下谐波的产生机理与主要成分,对比不同结构的V2G充电机的谐波特性,仿真结果表明:V2G充电机的充放电谐波与系统结构、控制策略相关,谐波电流大小与输出功率呈三次函数关系,对于多台充电机情况,利用正态分布与泊松分布对电动汽车集群的聚集特性建模,在考虑电动汽车出行规律的前提下利用蒙特卡罗方法仿真分析了V2G充电机随机并网自由充放电谐波特性,仿真结果表明:电动汽车V2G充放电谐波不仅与数量有关还和并网方式关系密切。本文的研究成果为电动汽车V2G的实际应用提供了物理基础与理论依据,本课题受到国家自然科学基金和英国工程与自然研究理事会的共同资助。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of technology, two-way information interaction energy technology for electric vehicles and power grid (Vehicle-to-Grid, V2G) has become a hot spot, the electric car with the V2G function is not only consumer power, electric vehicles can provide all kinds of ancillary services to the grid under controlled conditions. The electric vehicle charger is V2G the key equipment of information bidirectional energy interaction between electric vehicles and smart grid, the vehicle charger has the function of V2G is researched. V2G electric vehicle charger is the key equipment to achieve information bidirectional energy interaction between electric vehicles and smart grid, this paper proposes a scheme of reversible vehicle bidirectional charger single-phase full bridge structure and double the active bridge based on the structure of the system is given the topology selection method, combined with the actual conditions in the charger The line parameters and circuit design, build the experimental prototype of V2G car charger, the bidirectional power factor correction experiment and constant flow experiment, the experimental results show that the net side current is less than 5% THD, the harmonic pollution is small. Because the vehicle equipment to strict standards of electromagnetic compatibility requirements, the PCB board and the structure of the charger the co simulation and optimization of system level EMC, using SIwave and ANSYS Designer signal integrity analysis and the actual condition of simulation on the PCB board, PCB board layout optimization method is given based on the results of the analysis, the optimized wiring in high frequency gain lower resonant point to reduce the number of signal crosstalk noise between networks to suppress, near field radiation simulation results as the source of radiation is realized between the PCB board and system level electromagnetic compatibility V2G car charger case using PCB co simulation in determining The car V2G charger system electromagnetic radiation interference intensity and direction, the simulation results show that the maximum radiation field intensity of 2dB V/m, the radiation intensity to meet the CISPR22. international standard field radiation in order to solve a lot of grid connected to power system caused by the charge and discharge of the charger is a serious harmonic pollution, reduce the impact of electric vehicle charging and discharging on the grid in this paper, the harmonic characteristics of V2G single cluster and charger charge and discharge were analyzed, the harmonic V2G charger case of charging and discharging mechanism and the main components of different harmonic characteristics of V2G charger structure, the simulation results show that the discharge of harmonic and system structure of V2G charger, the related control strategy. The harmonic current size and output power is cubic function, for the chargers, using normal distribution and Poisson distribution of a set of electric cars Gather modeling group, considering the electric vehicle travel law by using Monte Carlo method under simulated random grid free of charge and discharge V2G charger harmonic characteristics, the simulation results show that the V2G electric car charging and discharging and harmonic not only related to the number of grid connected mode and also close. Provides a physical basis and theoretical basis of the research results the actual application of electric vehicle V2G, this project was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation and the UK engineering and natural Research Council.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM910.6;U469.72

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