螺环类钙钛矿太阳能电池空穴传输材料的合成与性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 05:23

本文选题：螺环类　切入点：钙钛　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：太阳能光伏发电是解决目前能源危机与环境污染问题的一种有效途径。太阳能来源丰富且清洁可再生,与太阳能关系密切的太阳能电池备受关注。经过几十年的发展,太阳能电池的种类从传统的晶硅太阳能电池发展到各类新型太阳能电池,包括晶体硅太阳能电池、有机薄膜电池以及钙钛矿太阳能电池等。尤其是钙钛矿太阳能电池,从2009年出现至今,仅在短短七年时间内就实现了光电转换效率的飙升,曾被Science评为"2013年十大科学突破"之一,成为目前新型太阳能电池的研究热点,目前报道的最高效率已经高达22%以上。钙钛矿太阳能电池如此优越的光电转化效率离不开其中的空穴传输材料,空穴传输材料能有效收集空穴并传输空穴。因此,开发新型空穴传输材料并对性能的研究是提升钙钛矿太阳能电池整体性能的一种重要途径。目前,对空穴传输材料的研究热点之一是有机小分子类,由于有机分子类材料具有合成方法灵活、成功率高、材料成膜性好、空穴迁移率高、热稳定性好、化学结构设计与调节可控、器件能量转化效率高等诸多优点,从而开发此类新型空穴传输材料备受重视。通常,有机小分子空穴传输材料按分子结构大体可以分为三类:直链类、星状类、螺环类。目前转换效率最高的电池当属使用螺环类的空穴传输材料,同时螺环类空穴传输材料因其独特的刚性非平面结构和分子间的共轭性提供了该类材料优异的热稳定性和良好的空穴迁移率。本论文从钙钛矿太阳能电池的基本工作原理出发,结合了钙钛矿吸光层的价带能级的匹配原则、电池器件结构的稳定性、材料的合成成本上把控,设计合成了几类新型的螺环类和咔唑类有机小分子空穴传输材料,并对它们进行了基本理化性质的一些表征和器件上的使用,论文的主要研究内容包括:(1)从廉价易得的原料着手,设计合成了两种二苯胺类外围片段和两种咔唑二苯胺类外围片段,通过低温反应、关环反应、NBS溴代反应、Suzuki偶联反应、Buckwald-Hartwig偶联反应等,实现片段与中间核的C-N偶联,从而合成新的目标分子。
[Abstract]:Solar photovoltaic power generation is an effective way to solve the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Solar energy sources are abundant, clean and renewable, and solar cells closely related to solar energy have attracted much attention. The types of solar cells have evolved from traditional crystalline silicon solar cells to new types of solar cells, including crystalline silicon solar cells, organic thin film cells and perovskite solar cells, especially perovskite solar cells. Since 2009, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency has soared in just seven years. It has been named "one of the ten scientific breakthroughs in 2013" by Science, and has become the research hotspot of new solar cells. The highest efficiency reported at present is more than 22%. The excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells can not be separated from the hole transport material, which can effectively collect holes and transfer holes. It is an important way to improve the overall performance of perovskite solar cells by developing new hole transport materials and studying their properties. Organic molecular materials have many advantages, such as flexible synthesis method, high success rate, good film-forming property, high hole mobility, good thermal stability, controllable chemical structure design and adjustment, high energy conversion efficiency, etc. In general, organic small molecule hole-transport materials can be divided into three types according to molecular structure: straight chain, stellate, Snails. The cells with the highest conversion efficiency at present are the hole-transport materials that use the snails. At the same time, the helicoid hole-transporting materials have excellent thermal stability and good hole mobility due to their unique rigid displanar structure and intermolecular conjugation. In this paper, the basic working principle of perovskite solar cells is discussed. Combined with the matching principle of valence band energy level of perovskite absorption layer, the stability of the structure of the battery device and the control of the synthesis cost of the materials, several new types of small molecular hole-transporting materials of snails and carbazole were designed and synthesized. The basic physical and chemical properties of these materials are characterized and used in devices. The main research contents in this paper include: 1) starting from cheap and easily available raw materials. Two kinds of diphenylamine peripheral fragments and two carbazole diphenylamine peripheral fragments were designed and synthesized. Through the low temperature reaction, the closed ring reaction and the NBS brominating reaction Suzuki coupling reaction, the Buckwald-Hartwig coupling reaction was carried out to realize the C-N coupling between the fragments and the intermediate nucleus. To synthesize new target molecules.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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