可再生能源电价补贴的大气环境效益分析

发布时间：2018-03-20 22:33

本文选题：可再生能源　切入点：电价补贴　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：可再生能源的电价补贴是一项旨在加速推进可再生能源广泛应用的政策机制,对中国能源结构调整(降低煤电比例)、改善大气环境具有重要的现实意义。鉴此,本文将可再生能源发电带来的空气污染物(CO_2、SO_2、NO_X和PM_(2.5))排放的减少作为衡量大气环境质量改善的效益指标,利用2012年中国投入产出表建立包含温室气体、污染气体和颗粒物模块的可计算一般均衡模型,从总量和行业的视角量化研究了实施可再生能源电价补贴政策对改善大气环境的积极作用,考察了可再生能源发电补贴辅以硫税、硫税及碳税这两种冲击的情景。研究表明:可再生能源电价补贴减少了温室气体、污染气体的总排放量和颗粒物浓度,在补贴的基础上辅以硫税不仅可以有效地增进大气环境福利效益,而且还能抵消征税对经济增长的负面效应;可再生能源电价补贴使清洁能源发电对火电产生替代效应,各个行业排放的CO_2、SO_2和NO_X均下降;但这一替代效应在工业部门尤其是重工业部门相对有限,这也证明了工业部门的减排压力较于其他产业(农业部门和服务业部门)更大;补贴可促进可再生能源发电量不断提升,进而优化能源结构,这是增进大气环境效益的根本原因。上述结果意味着短期内要提高可再生能源电价附加标准,补贴与税收双管齐下以增强减排力度。而可能面临的可再生能源电价补贴资金不足问题则意味着中期内要实现补贴方式逐渐向定额补贴、绿色证书模式过渡,利用市场机制确定补贴标准;长期内需最终取消补贴政策,倒逼技术进步,推动整个可再生能源产业的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:The electricity price subsidy of renewable energy is a policy mechanism aimed at accelerating the wide application of renewable energy, which is of great practical significance to the adjustment of China's energy structure (reducing the proportion of coal to electricity and improving the atmospheric environment). In this paper, the reduction of emissions of air pollutants from renewable energy power generation, such as CO2CO2CO2CO2CO2NOX and PMG2.5N), is used as a benefit indicator to measure the improvement of the atmospheric environment quality, and the greenhouse gases are established by using the 2012 China input-output table. Based on the computable general equilibrium model of pollution gas and particulate matter modules, the positive effects of implementing the renewable energy tariff subsidy policy on the improvement of the atmospheric environment are quantitatively studied from the perspective of total quantity and industry. The effects of sulfur tax, sulfur tax and carbon tax on the subsidies for renewable energy generation were investigated. The results showed that the subsidy of electricity price for renewable energy sources reduced the greenhouse gases, the total emissions of polluting gases and the concentration of particulates. A sulphur tax on the basis of subsidies can not only effectively enhance the benefits of the atmospheric environment, but also counteract the negative effects of taxation on economic growth, and renewable energy tariff subsidies make clean energy generation a substitute for thermal power. Both CO2SO2 and NO_X emissions from various industries have declined; however, this substitution effect is relatively limited in the industrial sector, particularly in the heavy industry sector, which also proves that the pressure to reduce emissions in the industrial sector is greater than in other industries (the agricultural sector and the service sector); Subsidies can boost renewable energy generation and thus optimize the energy mix, which is the root cause of improving atmospheric environmental efficiency. These results mean higher additional standards for renewable energy tariffs in the short term. Subsidies and taxes are combined to increase emissions reductions. The potential problem of subsidies for renewable energy prices means a gradual transition from subsidies in the medium term to fixed subsidies and green certification models. The market mechanism is used to determine the subsidy standard, the long-term domestic demand finally cancels the subsidy policy, compels the technological progress, and promotes the sustainable development of the whole renewable energy industry.
【作者单位】：对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“以绿色技术创新推动生态文明建设的长效机制与政策研究”(批准号:14AJL017)
【分类号】：F426.61;F812.45;X24

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