光伏面板表面积尘机理研究及清洁喷头的设计

发布时间：2018-03-28 12:35

本文选题：积尘　切入点：粘附模型　出处：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,光伏发电技术发展迅速,在世界能源日益紧张的今天,太阳能光伏发电得到世界各国的大力推广,其在总体能源结构中的比例也在稳步提升。由于光伏组件长期置于室外接受太阳辐射,空气中的灰尘等杂质会大量沉积在光伏面板表面,不仅会影响光伏电池发电效率,还会对光伏组件的寿命产生影响。针对现在光伏组件表面除尘装置除尘效率低、对组件表面有损伤等问题,本文拟对基于脉冲气流的光伏组件表面除尘机理与装置设计进行系统、深入的研究,从而在不损坏光伏面板表面前提下,达到去除粘附颗粒的最佳效果。首先,本文分析了积尘颗粒的来源,从固体的表面能机理上直观地解释了积尘颗粒粘附于光伏面板表面的原因,构建颗粒粘附模型并对固体颗粒的粘附作用力来源和影响规律进行了分析,计算了不同尺寸颗粒物在光伏面板表面的粘附力,建立光伏面板表面固体颗粒粘附力计算模型。其次,通过分析风刀工作原理,建立风刀产生的气体动压强在光伏面板表面的分布计算模型,理论验证了风刀除尘的有效性。使用FLUENT和EDEM软件建立基于风刀的除尘系统仿真模型,对光伏面板表面粘附颗粒物的清除进行了仿真,获得风刀除尘参数对粘附颗粒的去除规律和去除率。再次,设计了基于风刀除尘系统的简化试验方案,搭建了光伏面板表面除尘试验平台,对光伏面板表面进行颗粒污染物清除试验,验证仿真结果的准确性。通过正交试验,对影响光伏面板表面除尘的各个因素进行了研究,通过极差与方差的分析,发现光伏面板倾角对积尘去除的影响最显著。最后,通过对各个类型扩张腔喷头进行仿真分析研究,最终选定三级三角形扩张腔喷头。通过FLUENT的流场分析确定最优尺寸,而后通过CFD-DEM仿真分析粘附于光伏面板的积尘颗粒在三级三角形扩张腔喷头作用下的去除情况,得出积尘颗粒的去除率与喷头输入压强的关系,从理论上证明扩张腔喷头的除尘效果优于风刀的除尘系统。
[Abstract]:In recent years, photovoltaic power generation technology has developed rapidly, in the world energy increasingly tense today, solar photovoltaic power generation by the world's countries to vigorously promote, Its share in the overall energy mix is also steadily rising. As photovoltaic modules are exposed to solar radiation for a long time, impurities such as dust in the air will deposit heavily on the surface of photovoltaic panels, which will not only affect the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. It will also have an impact on the life of photovoltaic modules. In view of the low efficiency of dust removal on the surface of photovoltaic modules and damage to the surface of the modules, In this paper, the mechanism and device design of photovoltaic module surface dust removal based on pulse airflow are systematically studied, so that the best effect of removing adhesion particles can be achieved without damaging the surface of photovoltaic panel. In this paper, the source of dust particles is analyzed, and the adhesion of dust particles to the surface of photovoltaic panels is explained intuitively from the surface energy mechanism of solids. The adhesion force of solid particles was analyzed and the adhesion force of particles with different sizes on the surface of photovoltaic panels was calculated. A model for calculating the adhesion force of solid particles on the surface of photovoltaic panel is established. Secondly, by analyzing the working principle of the wind knife, a model for calculating the distribution of the dynamic pressure of the gas produced by the wind knife on the surface of the photovoltaic panel is established. The simulation model of dust removal system based on wind knife is established by using FLUENT and EDEM software, and the removal of particles adhesion on the surface of photovoltaic panel is simulated. The removal rule and removal rate of adhesion particles by dust removal parameters of wind knife are obtained. Thirdly, a simplified test scheme based on wind knife dust removal system is designed, and a test platform for dust removal on the surface of photovoltaic panels is built. The particle pollutant removal test on the surface of photovoltaic panel is carried out to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. Through orthogonal test, the factors affecting the dust removal on the surface of photovoltaic panel are studied, and the range and variance are analyzed. It is found that the dip angle of photovoltaic panel has the most significant effect on dust removal. Finally, through the simulation analysis of each type of expanding cavity nozzle, the three-stage triangular expansion cavity nozzle is finally selected. The optimal size is determined by the flow field analysis of FLUENT. Then the removal of dust particles adhered to photovoltaic panels under the action of a three-level triangular expansion chamber nozzle is analyzed by CFD-DEM simulation, and the relationship between the removal rate of dust particles and the input pressure of the nozzle is obtained. It is proved theoretically that the dust removal effect of the sprayer is better than that of the wind knife.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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