基于μPMU的主动配电网故障定位技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 19:02

本文选题：主动配电网　切入点：故障定位　出处：《北京理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：准确的故障定位有助于帮助修复故障,加快系统恢复,提高配电网的稳定性。随着分布式发电(DG)、电动汽车和可控负载等分布式能源(DER)的大量接入,打破了传统配电网的单向潮流模式,使其逐渐向着主动配电网转变。过流继电器等传统的故障和保护装置在主动配电网下已无法完全满足,对故障定位的装置和技术提出了新的要求。微型同步相量测量单元(μPMU)以全球定位系统(GPS)为时间基准,可提供高精度、高采样率、带时标的电压、电流及频率信号,因其相量、时钟同步及电能质量特性,可以很好的满足新形势下配电网故障定位的要求,有着良好的应用前景。本文提出了一种基于μPMU的定位新方法对主动配电网故障进行定位。该方法首先对故障类型进行识别,选取故障发生时的三相电流和零序电流作为分析对象,利用小波变换对电流信号进行特征提取,将提取的特征输入模糊Petri网模型,进行推理诊断,得到故障的类型。然后根据求得的故障类型,对故障进行定位。运用单端μPMU采集的电压电流信息,查找故障线路,得到候选故障点并计算其故障距离。并根据两端μPMU测量电压和故障电压之间的相位关系,排除伪故障点,确定故障点位置。通过仿真平台对算法进行仿真验证,在仿真机Matlab/Simulink软件上搭建主动配电网模型,输出电压电流仿真数据,经由μPMU机箱得到相量数据,在上位机Matlab软件上对算法进行实现,分析和验证算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,在不同类型故障情况下,该方法都具有较高的故障识别率和定位准确度。其中故障类型识别算法不受故障时刻、过渡电阻、故障位置的影响,对噪声的适应性良好;故障定位算法仅需在线路的两端配置μPMU即可满足对不同类型故障进行准确的定位。在高渗透率DG和高阻故障的情况下,该定位方法依然适用。
[Abstract]:Accurate fault location helps to repair faults, speed up system recovery, and improve the stability of distribution network.With the large number of distributed energy sources such as DGN, electric vehicles and controllable loads, the traditional unidirectional power flow mode of distribution network has been broken, and gradually turned to the active distribution network.Traditional fault and protection devices such as over-current relays can not be fully satisfied under active distribution network. New requirements for fault location devices and techniques are put forward.The micro synchronous phasor measurement unit (渭 PMU), which uses GPS as the time reference, can provide high precision, high sampling rate, voltage, current and frequency signals with time scale because of its phasor, clock synchronization and power quality characteristics.It can meet the requirements of distribution network fault location in the new situation, and has a good application prospect.In this paper, a new location method based on 渭 PMU is proposed for fault location of active distribution network.In this method, the fault type is first identified, and the three-phase current and zero-sequence current when the fault occurs are selected as the analysis objects. The wavelet transform is used to extract the characteristics of the current signal, and the extracted features are input into the fuzzy Petri net model.Make reasoning diagnosis and get the type of fault.Then according to the obtained fault type, fault location.Using the voltage and current information collected by the single terminal 渭 PMU, the fault line is searched, the candidate fault point is obtained and the fault distance is calculated.According to the phase relationship between the two ends 渭 PMU voltage and fault voltage, the false fault point is eliminated and the fault point location is determined.The algorithm is verified by simulation platform, the active distribution network model is built on the Matlab/Simulink software, the voltage and current simulation data are output, the phasor data are obtained through 渭 PMU chassis, and the algorithm is implemented on the upper computer Matlab software.The validity of the algorithm is analyzed and verified.The simulation results show that the method has high fault identification rate and location accuracy under different types of faults.The fault type identification algorithm is not affected by fault time, transition resistance and fault location, so it has good adaptability to noise. Fault location algorithm only needs to configure 渭 PMU at both ends of the line to accurately locate different types of faults.In the case of high permeability DG and high resistance fault, this method is still applicable.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM711

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