京津冀农村地区电能替代的技术经济分析及政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 21:41

本文选题：农村地区　切入点：电能替代　出处：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,能源短缺和环境污染严重,这些人类面临着的问题正在成为制约人类社会可持续发展的关键性因素。对于建筑采暖来讲,要解决的问题是,在保持建筑物内环境舒适的同时,又能减少建筑物的能耗,并使得大气环境的污染得以减轻。在此背景下,电能替代技术作为一种绿色技术需要开始推广。在京津冀农村地区积极推广地源热泵、空气源热泵、电蓄热锅炉等电能替代在空调领域的应用,减少SO2,NOx以及颗粒物等污染物的排放量、改善环境污染,对于我国保护生态环境、社会发展有着极其重要的作用。本文对京津冀农村地区四种主要电能替代泵替代燃煤锅炉改造项目进行技术经济分析,找出京津冀地区电能替代在具体应用中存在的问题以及优势所在,对于电能替代的进一步的推广、普及有非常积极的参考意义。本文主要工作如下:首先,本文介绍了有关电能替代的基本理论,包括电能替代的概念、电能替代的战略内容以及当前实施电能替代的必要性;对包括静态分析方法、动态分析方法、不确定分析方法以及价值工程基本理论等技术经济分析的基本理论加以介绍。其次,介绍京津冀农村地区主要的电能替代模式,并对地源热泵、空气源热泵、电蓄热锅炉以及电热膜这四种模式的原理及其应用推广中存在的问题进行分析;同时,构建以差额现金流量为基础的电能替代项目的技术经济分析模型,主要包括基于差额的敏感性分析方法、电能替代经济效果分析指标、以及基于价值工程的电能替代方案决策模型。这些针对京津冀农村地区主要电能替代的技术经济分析模型的研究将为今后进行的京津冀农村地区电能替代示范项目的技术经济分析提供了理论基础。再次,基于差额现金流量对京津冀农村地区主要电能替代模式进行了技术经济分析。主要从经济效果指标及基于差额净现值的敏感性展开分析,计算各电能替代模式的全年单位面积的差额净年金值以便于各电能替代模式之间进行分析比较,并且考虑排污治理费对该数值进行了修正。最后,在前文对京津冀农村地区各电能替代模式应用存在问题及其技术经济分析的基础上,对京津冀农村地区电能替代实施中存在的问题进行归纳总结出,提出相应政策建议,以促进电能替代在京津冀农村地区的规模化应用。此项研究既能够促进电能替代开展,又能起到缓减城市雾霾问题的重要作用,对推动电能替代在全国的发展同样有借鉴和参考作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the energy shortage and environmental pollution are serious. These problems are becoming the key factors restricting the sustainable development of human society.For building heating, the problem to be solved is that while maintaining the comfort in the building environment, the energy consumption of the building can be reduced and the pollution of the atmospheric environment can be alleviated.In this context, power substitution technology as a green technology needs to be popularized.In the rural areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the application of ground-source heat pump, air-source heat pump, electric storage boiler and other electric energy in the field of air conditioning has been actively popularized, so as to reduce the emissions of so _ 2no _ x and particulates, improve environmental pollution, and protect the ecological environment in China.Social development plays an extremely important role.In this paper, the technical and economic analysis of four main electric power replacement pump replacement coal-fired boiler reconstruction projects in rural areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is carried out to find out the problems and advantages of electric power substitution in the specific application in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area.For the further promotion of electric power substitution, popularization has a very positive reference significance.The main work of this paper is as follows: first, this paper introduces the basic theory of electric power substitution, including the concept of power substitution, the strategic content of power substitution and the necessity of implementing power substitution.The dynamic analysis method, the uncertain analysis method and the basic theory of value engineering are introduced.Secondly, it introduces the main electric power substitution modes in the rural areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and analyzes the principles and problems in the application and popularization of the four modes: ground source heat pump, air source heat pump, electric storage boiler and electric heating film.The technical and economic analysis model of electric power substitution project based on difference cash flow is constructed, which includes sensitivity analysis method based on difference and economic effect analysis index of power substitution.And the decision model of electric power substitution scheme based on value engineering.The research on the technical and economic models of the main electric energy substitution in the rural areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei will provide a theoretical basis for the technical and economic analysis of the demonstration project of electricity substitution in the rural areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in the future.Thirdly, based on the difference cash flow, the paper analyzes the main power substitution mode in the rural areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.Based on the economic effect index and sensitivity based on the difference net present value, the difference net annuity value per unit area of each power substitution mode is calculated to facilitate the analysis and comparison among the power substitution modes.And considering the sewage treatment fee to modify the value.Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the problems in the application of various electric power substitution modes in the rural areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and their technical and economic analysis, the problems existing in the implementation of the electric power substitution in the rural areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are summarized and the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.In order to promote the electric power substitution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei rural area scale application.This study can not only promote the development of electric power substitution, but also play an important role in alleviating the problem of urban haze. It can also be used for reference in promoting the development of power substitution in China.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.61

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