钙钛矿太阳能电池电子传输层的设计与制备

发布时间：2018-04-01 14:31

  本文选题：钙钛矿太阳能电池　切入点：电子传输层　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite Solar Cell,PSC)作为第三代新型太阳能电池,因其具有较高的转换效率、制备工艺比较简单、成本比较低且可制备为柔性器件等优点,使研究者们在太阳能电池领域又找到了新希望。电子传输层为电池器件中的重要组成部分,电子传输材料是指能够传输电子载流子的材料,通常具有较高的光谱吸收系数、较大的介电常数和较小的激子束缚能的半导体材料,可以避免电荷积累对器件寿命的影响,可有效地起到运输电子并阻挡空穴的作用。本论文以开发低成本和高性能的钙钛矿太阳能电池为目标,主要从电子传输层材料的研究、电子传输层制作工艺的探索及光活性层的研究等三个方面入手,研制出高性能的钙钛矿太阳能电池。主要研究内容:1.光活性层在钙钛矿太阳能电池中起着至关重要的作用,PSC光活性层的薄膜厚度、均匀度、结晶性和表面覆盖率直接影响电池的性能,它在电池中起到吸收光子产生电子、空穴的作用。钙钛矿太阳能电池光活性层的制备工艺有很多种,主要归为四大类,一步溶液法、两步溶液法、双源共蒸发法、气相辅助溶液法,本文主要采用一步旋涂的方法制备钙钛矿太阳能电池光活性层,通过控制一步法的退火时间、退火温度和旋涂速率提高光活性层的成膜质量,进而提高了钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能。实验结果表明,最佳的退火温度为105℃,退火时间为10 min,旋涂速率为4000 rpm时器件性能得到较大的优化。2.介孔层作为钙钛矿层的支架或多孔的载体,有利于钙钛矿层的成膜质量比较均匀、致密、覆盖率高等。二氧化钛作为介孔层是一种有序多孔的状态,它在钙钛矿太阳能电池中起到光催化剂的作用,在太阳光的照射下,它对产生电子和空穴对有着很大的帮助,经化学反应产生自由基,具有较强氧化性,可以将大多数的有机物氧化分解为无机物,进而可以很大的提高电池的转换效率。本文选用旋涂、水热的方法作为介孔层薄膜的制备工艺,对介孔层制备工艺进行了优化,通过优化实验确定出旋涂法制备的介孔层薄膜比较好,最佳的旋涂速率为4000 rpm,烧结温度为500℃,30 min。3.致密层在钙钛矿太阳能电池中起到了传输电子及阻挡空穴的作用,它的存在能够避免空穴与电子在界面处的复合,可以直接提高电池的性能。二氧化钛致密层的制备工艺有很多种,主要归为三大类,分别是液相法、气相法和固相法。本文选用旋涂、水热的方法作为致密层薄膜的制备工艺,对致密层的制备工艺进行了优化,通过优化实验确定出旋涂法制备的致密层薄膜比较好,最佳旋涂速率为2000 rpm,烧结温度为500℃,烧结时间为30 min,将电池效率提高为16.2%。
[Abstract]:Perovskite Solar CellPSC (perovskite Solar) is a new type of solar cell, which has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, simple preparation process, low cost and flexible devices.This has given researchers new hope in the field of solar cells.The electron transport layer is an important part of the battery device. The electron transport material refers to the material which can transfer the electron carrier. It usually has high spectral absorption coefficient, large dielectric constant and small exciton binding energy.It can avoid the effect of charge accumulation on the lifetime of the device and can effectively transport electrons and block holes.The aim of this thesis is to develop low cost and high performance perovskite solar cells, mainly from three aspects: the study of electron transport layer material, the exploration of electron transport layer fabrication process and the study of photoactive layer.A high performance perovskite solar cell has been developed.The main research content is: 1.The photoactive layer plays an important role in the perovskite solar cell. The film thickness, uniformity, crystallinity and surface coverage of the photoactive layer of PSC have a direct impact on the performance of the cell.The action of a hole.The preparation process of photoactive layer of perovskite solar cell can be divided into four categories: one step solution method, two step solution method, two source co-evaporation method, gas phase auxiliary solution method,In this paper, the photoactive layer of perovskite solar cell is prepared by one-step spin coating method. The film quality of the photoactive layer is improved by controlling the annealing time, annealing temperature and spin-coating rate.Furthermore, the performance of perovskite solar cells is improved.The experimental results show that the optimum annealing temperature is 105 鈩，

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