电压暂降监测点优化配置及故障源定位估计研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 18:30

本文选题：电压暂降　切入点：监测点优化配置　出处：《华北电力大学(北京)》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着电网智能化的建设以及供用电双方对电能质量的关注,电网公司加大了对电能质量监测系统(Power Quality Monitoring System, PQMS)的投资建设。通过PQMS可以实现对全网电能质量的实时监控。在影响电能质量的诸多问题中,电压暂降是最严重的问题之一。利用分布在电力系统中的电能质量监测装置,从电力扰动的大量数据中提取有效信息对引起电压暂降的短路故障源进行定位,有助于供用电双方区分暂降责任,指导用户改进设备或采取其他补偿措施,或指导电网的建设、改造和运行,以避免或减少电压暂降的影响。同时,基于定位结果可以进一步分析电压暂降的影响,快速估计受电压暂降影响的用户区域,为事故安全调查和经济损失评估提供可靠数据。本文首先针对输电网和配电网的网络结构特点,分别设计了电压暂降分析方法。并对不同类型的短路故障引起的电压暂降,进行了编程实现及仿真验证。考虑到电压暂降在电网中的传播规律,本文制定了监测点优化配置的分区原则和循环嵌套的分区算法；对传统的监测点配置方法进行了改进,定义了线路MRA (Monitor Reach Area,可观测区域)矩阵和节点MRA矩阵,并在MATLAB中编程实现,该方法保持了线路的连续性,更加完善合理。目前已有的电压暂降故障源定位方法主要分为两类：一类是仅根据电能质量监测信息,判断故障源与监测点的相对位置,这类方法并不能得到故障的准确位置；另一类方法是基于多重搜索条件或智能算法,对故障的准确位置定位,这些方法大多忽略了故障电阻对定位准确性的影响,或对故障电阻进行了简化处理,与实际情况不符,也没有实例验证。因此,本文在对PQMS监测点优化配置的基础上,获取其中的电压暂降信息,提出了一种综合考虑故障电阻、故障位置的电压暂降故障源定位方法,以提高定位的准确性。利用多源信息融合获取电网故障前系统模型,根据SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition,数据采集与监测控制)系统的事故追忆(Post Disturbance Review, PDR)功能确定故障线路,缩小故障定位的搜索范围,提高定位效率和准确性；建立故障定位状态估计模型,估计故障位置和故障电阻,选择了自适应的粒子群算法对模型求解；并基于故障定位结果分析了电压暂降的影响域。以MATLAB为平台,程序化了故障定位算法。本文以IEEE30节点输电网系统为例,对所提出的故障定位方法进行了仿真验证,并分析了定位精度与监测装置测量精度,以及与监测点配置冗余之间的关系。基于我国某地区560节点输电网的实测数据,验证了该方法的有效性、准确性和实用性。结果表明提高监测装置的测量精度和增加监测点冗余都会提高定位精度,前者对提高定位精度的影响更大,因此,在经济条件允许的情况下,应选择测量精度高的监测装置。
[Abstract]:With the intelligent construction of power grid and the attention of power supply and power supply to power quality, the power Quality Monitoring system (PQMS) has been invested by the power grid company.The real-time monitoring of the power quality of the whole network can be realized by PQMS.Voltage sag is one of the most serious problems affecting power quality.Using the power quality monitoring device distributed in the power system to extract effective information from a large number of data of the power disturbance to locate the source of the short-circuit fault causing the voltage sag, it is helpful for both the power supply and the electricity to distinguish the responsibility of the transient drop.Direct the customer to improve equipment or take other compensatory measures, or to direct the construction, transformation and operation of the power grid to avoid or reduce the impact of voltage sag.At the same time, the impact of voltage sag can be further analyzed based on the location results, and the user area affected by voltage sag can be estimated quickly, which can provide reliable data for accident safety investigation and economic loss assessment.Firstly, according to the network structure characteristics of transmission network and distribution network, voltage sag analysis method is designed in this paper.The voltage sag caused by different types of short-circuit faults is realized by programming and verified by simulation.Considering the propagation law of voltage sag in the power network, this paper formulates the partition principle of optimal configuration of monitoring points and circularly nested partition algorithm, and improves the traditional method of monitoring point configuration.The line MRA monitor Reach area matrix and the node MRA matrix are defined and implemented in MATLAB. The method maintains the continuity of the circuit and is more perfect and reasonable.The existing fault source location methods of voltage sag can be divided into two categories: one is to judge the relative position of fault source and monitoring point only according to the monitoring information of power quality, this kind of method can not get the exact location of fault;Another method is based on multiple search conditions or intelligent algorithms to locate the exact location of the fault. Most of these methods ignore the influence of fault resistance on the accuracy of location, or simplify the fault resistance, which is not in accordance with the actual situation.There is also no example to verify.Therefore, on the basis of optimizing the configuration of PQMS monitoring points, this paper obtains the voltage sag information, and puts forward a voltage sag fault source location method which considers the fault resistance and fault location synthetically, in order to improve the accuracy of location.Using multi-source information fusion to obtain the system model of power network before fault, according to the function of SCADA Supervisory Control And Data requirement (data acquisition and Monitoring Control) system, the fault line is determined according to the function of Post Disturbance Review (PDRs), and the searching range of fault location is reduced.Improve location efficiency and accuracy; establish fault location state estimation model, estimate fault location and fault resistance, select adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the model; and based on fault location results to analyze the impact region of voltage sag.Based on MATLAB, the fault location algorithm is programmed.Taking the IEEE30 node transmission network system as an example, this paper simulates the proposed fault location method, and analyzes the relationship between the positioning accuracy and the measuring accuracy of the monitoring device, as well as the redundancy of the monitoring point configuration.The validity, accuracy and practicability of this method are verified based on the measured data of 560 nodes transmission network in a certain area of China.The results show that both the measurement accuracy of the monitoring device and the redundancy of the monitoring point will improve the positioning accuracy, and the former has a greater influence on the positioning accuracy. Therefore, if economic conditions permit, the monitoring device with high measurement accuracy should be selected.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM714.2

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