聚碳酸酯基固态聚合物电解质的研究进展

发布时间：2018-04-05 21:11

本文选题：聚碳酸酯　切入点：固态聚合物电解质　出处：《高分子学报》2017年06期

【摘要】：液态锂离子电池由于采用易泄露、易挥发、易燃烧的碳酸酯有机溶剂,在高温或极端条件下使用时,存在极大的安全隐患.使用固态电解质替代液态电解液,可以从根本上避免此类安全问题的发生,与此同时还可以大幅度提升固态锂电池的能量密度.固态电解质又分为无机固态电解质和聚合物固态电解质2大类.无机固态电解质能够在宽的温度范围内保持化学稳定性,并且电化学窗口较宽,机械强度更高,室温离子电导率较高,但脆性较大,柔韧性差,制备工艺复杂,成本较高.聚合物固态电解质,室温离子电导率偏低,难以满足室温锂离子电池的应用,但其加工成型容易,形状可变.比较而言,固态聚合物电解质,更适宜大规模生产,离产业化相对更近.固态聚合物电解质中研究较多的是聚醚基固态聚合物电解质(如聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷),但其缺点是室温离子电导率低,需要对其改性或进一步开发综合性能更加优异的其他固态聚合物电解质.聚碳酸酯基固态聚合物电解质由于其特殊的分子结构(含有强极性碳酸酯基团)以及高介电常数,可以有效减弱阴阳离子间的相互作用,提高载流子数量,从而提高离子电导率,因此被认为是一类非常有前途的固态聚合物电解质体系.基于此,本文重点综述了最近研究热点的聚碳酸酯基固态聚合物电解质,包括聚(三亚甲基碳酸酯)体系、聚(碳酸丙烯酯)体系、聚(碳酸乙烯酯)体系和聚(碳酸亚乙烯酯)体系等,并详细阐述了上述每种聚碳酸酯基固态聚合物电解质的制备、电化学性能、优缺点及改性手段,归纳出其离子配位-解配位过程和离子扩散机制,还对聚碳酸酯基固态聚合物电解质的未来发展方向和研究趋势望进行了预测和展望.
[Abstract]:Due to the use of organic solvent of carbonate which is easy to leak, volatilize and burn, the liquid lithium ion battery has great safety hidden danger when it is used under high temperature or extreme conditions.The use of solid electrolyte instead of liquid electrolyte can fundamentally avoid such safety problems and at the same time can greatly increase the energy density of solid-state lithium batteries.Solid state electrolyte is divided into inorganic solid electrolyte and polymer solid electrolyte.Inorganic solid electrolyte can maintain chemical stability in a wide temperature range, and the electrochemical window is wider, the mechanical strength is higher, the ionic conductivity at room temperature is higher, but the brittleness is larger, the flexibility is poor, the preparation process is complex and the cost is high.The polymer solid electrolyte has low ionic conductivity at room temperature, so it is difficult to meet the application of room temperature lithium ion battery, but it is easy to be processed and molded, and its shape is variable.In contrast, solid polymer electrolytes are more suitable for mass production and closer to industrialization.Polyether-based solid polymer electrolytes (such as poly (ethylene oxide) and poly (propylene oxide)) are studied in solid polymer electrolytes, but their disadvantages are low ionic conductivity at room temperature.Other solid polymer electrolytes with better comprehensive properties need to be modified or further developed.Because of its special molecular structure (containing strong polar carbonate groups) and high dielectric constant, polycarbonate based solid polymer electrolytes can effectively attenuate the interaction between anions and increase the number of carriers.Therefore, it is considered as a very promising solid polymer electrolyte system.Based on this, the recent research focus on polycarbonate based solid polymer electrolytes, including poly (trimethylene carbonate) and polypropylene carbonate systems, is reviewed in this paper.The preparation, electrochemical properties, advantages and disadvantages of polycarbonate based solid polymer electrolytes were described in detail.The ion coordination and dissociation process and the ion diffusion mechanism are summarized. The future development direction and research trend of polycarbonate based solid polymer electrolyte are also predicted and prospected.
【作者单位】：昆明理工大学化学工程学院;青岛市储能产业技术研究院中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所;
【基金】：中国科学院纳米战略先导专项(项目号XDA09010105) 山东省自然科学基金(基金号ZR2013FZ2001)资助项目
【分类号】：TM912

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