风险量化的电网备用协调优化技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 02:24

本文选题：电力系统　切入点：备用配置　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：合理预留备用是保证电网安全稳定和经济运行必不可少的技术手段。大容量交直流传输通道的投运和大规模新能源的接入等增加了电网自身运行的不确定性,节能减排、绿色调度和新能源消纳等增加了电网外部环境的多变性,使电力系统的备用问题面临诸多新的挑战。柔性负荷的涌现为采用智能需求侧响应技术辅助电网运行备用配置与合理使用过程的风险管控提供了新的思路。论文基于风险量化,分别就电网备用容量协调分配、直接负荷参与一次调频、柔性负荷参与二次调频和备用配置与紧急切负荷协调优化等问题进行了深入研究。首先,综合考虑事故发生的概率和不良后果,计及备用对系统可靠性的影响,对备用容量配置和配置不足产生的风险分别量化并建立反映事故后果不良程度的指标,在此基础上追加考虑和综合兼顾系统供电可靠性与经济性的备用配置方案评价指标。计及决策者对系统可靠性和经济性的差异化要求,按照区域事故备用配置风险指标评估结果分摊系统事故备用总容量,从而提出了风险量化的系统事故备用容量协调分配方法。算例分析表明,方法能够通过备用容量的区域协调优化分配,使系统总事故备用风险得以合理疏解。针对系统一次调频容量的不足,研究了直接负荷控制参与一次调频备用的问题。借助直接负荷控制频率调节系数和发电机组调差系数,给出了分析直接负荷控制和发电机组提供一次调频备用对系统频率恢复效果的数学表达;综合有功缺额发生的概率、备用容量成本系统可靠性和经济性,建立了协调直接负荷控制参与一次调频备用的优化模型,改善了频率恢复效果。在分析柔性负荷运行特性和舒适度保证前提下参与系统二次调频能力的基础上,提出了协调发电侧与柔性负荷参与二次调频的、以系统总成本最小为目标函数的风险量化备用容量优化调配方法,并在所建模型中包含用户舒适度、响应容量、响应次数等约束。算例分析表明,方法能够在舒适度保证前提下改善柔性负荷参与系统二次调频时的技术经济性能。针对系统紧急事故备用的不足,研究了一、二次调频备用配置与紧急切负荷协调的问题。结合一、二次调频备用配置成本和紧急切负荷代价,综合考虑故障概率和动态过程中频率恢复效果,提出了频率恢复因子的概念,并构建了以稳态运行约束和暂态稳定判据为约束条件、以总成本最小为优化目标函数的协调优化模型。由线性规划方法可求得负荷参与不同时间尺度备用与紧急切负荷进行协调时的容量配置结果,达到最小化系统运行控制成本的目的。以江苏电网开展的“源网荷友好互动”工程为背景,分别从总体功能、设计思路及系统架构等角度分析了该工程在备用配置和备用协调等方面的技术和工程可行性。
[Abstract]:Reasonable reserve reserve is an essential technical means to ensure the safety, stability and economic operation of power grid.The operation of large capacity AC / DC transmission channels and large-scale access to new energy sources increase the uncertainty of the power grid's own operation, such as energy saving and emission reduction, green dispatch and new energy consumption, etc., which increase the variability of the external environment of the power network.The standby problem of power system is faced with many new challenges.The emergence of flexible load provides a new idea for the use of intelligent demand side response technology to assist the backup configuration of power grid and the risk control in the process of rational use.Based on risk quantification, the problems of coordinated allocation of reserve capacity, direct load participating in primary frequency modulation, flexible load participating in secondary frequency modulation and coordination optimization of reserve configuration and emergency load shedding are studied in this paper.First of all, considering the probability and adverse consequences of the accident, considering the impact of reserve on system reliability, quantifying the risk caused by the allocation of reserve capacity and insufficient allocation, and establishing an index reflecting the adverse degree of accident consequences.On this basis, the evaluation index of reserve configuration scheme considering and synthetically considering the reliability and economy of power supply system is added.Considering the difference between system reliability and economy, according to the assessment result of regional accident reserve allocation risk index, this paper proposes a coordinated allocation method of system accident reserve capacity based on risk quantification.The analysis of an example shows that the method can optimize the allocation of reserve capacity by regional coordination, so that the reserve risk of total accident of the system can be reasonably reduced.Aiming at the deficiency of the primary frequency modulation capacity of the system, the problem of direct load control participating in the primary frequency modulation reserve is studied.With the help of direct load control frequency regulation coefficient and generator unit adjustment coefficient, the mathematical expression of frequency recovery effect of direct load control and primary frequency modulation reserve provided by generator set is given.Based on reliability and economy of reserve capacity cost system, the optimal model of coordinated direct load control to participate in primary frequency modulation reserve is established, which improves the effect of frequency recovery.On the basis of analyzing the operating characteristics of flexible load and the guarantee of comfort, the paper puts forward that the power generation side and the flexible load participate in the secondary frequency modulation under the premise of participating in the secondary frequency modulation of the system.Taking the minimum total cost of the system as the objective function, the optimal allocation method of risk quantized reserve capacity is presented, and the constraints of user comfort, response capacity, response times and so on are included in the established model.The example analysis shows that the method can improve the technical and economic performance of the flexible load participating in the secondary frequency modulation of the system under the condition of comfort.Aiming at the shortage of system emergency standby, the coordination of the first and second frequency modulation standby configuration and the emergency load shedding is studied.The concept of frequency recovery factor is put forward by considering the failure probability and the effect of frequency recovery in dynamic process, combined with the cost of primary and secondary frequency modulation standby configuration and the cost of emergency load shedding, and considering the probability of failure and the effect of frequency recovery in dynamic process.A coordinated optimization model with steady operation constraints and transient stability criteria as constraints and the minimum total cost as the optimization objective function is constructed.The linear programming method can be used to obtain the capacity allocation results when the load is coordinated with emergency shedding load in different time scales, which can minimize the operation control cost of the system.Based on the "source-network-friendly interaction" project carried out by Jiangsu Power Grid, the technical and engineering feasibility of the project in standby configuration and backup coordination is analyzed from the aspects of overall function, design idea and system architecture.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM732

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