有源滤波器安装优化配置及输出滤波器参数优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 07:06

本文选题：有源电力滤波器 + LCL滤波器　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代电网中谐波污染已经越来越严重的影响着电网的电能质量。造成其谐波污染的主要原因有非线性负载、电力电子设备的应用及变压器等设备过电压而造成的饱和失真。有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter,APF)作为新型实用型电力电子装置既可以对谐波进行治理,也可以进行无功功率补偿。目下,研究APF安装位置的文献相对比较少,并且大都集中在安装在某一条母线上时对系统谐波的治理效果,而没有研究其安装位置优化配置问题。在实际应用时,APF因其中的高频开关带来新的谐波污染,必须采用输出滤波器进行治理。而该滤波器的参数在确定时一般靠经验值进行估计,反推校验如果不合理还需要进行调整其值直到合理为止。当电网的阻抗因其运行方式变化时LCL型输出滤波器性能依然上佳,故而往往采用其为APF高频次谐波治理的首选。但是对输出滤波器的研究往往都集中在滤波器参数对输出性能的影响这方面,而忽略了阻尼带来的损耗问题。即便有少量研究其损耗的文献,也都是只考虑其在达到基本滤波要求的基础上使阻尼损耗最小。针对这些内容,本文主要对以下内容进行研究:第一、本文首先对APF的研究主要集中在其基本滤波工作原理,详细介绍了如何进行滤波、无功补偿及其控制实现方法。然后依据其基本原理和控制方法设计APF,结合具体的带非线性负载的系统验证了所设计的APF的有效性。第二、建立了一种实现配网中APF安装位置最优配置的模型。通过对APF安装位置进行优化配置,可以使其向系统注入最小的谐波电流就能获得最佳电能质量。因此寻求APF在谐波污染严重的系统中的最佳安装位置就是取得最优滤波效果的关键因素。在含有大量谐波源的配网中安装APF时需对系统的母线转移矩阵进行计算,然后分析在不同频率下各母线处的响应特性。优先考虑响应明显的母线并结合就近补偿的原则确定待安装APF的备选母线库。根据配网对各母线电压谐波含量的要求,和用最少的APF安装数量实现治理谐波含量要求的目标,提出全局优化的多目标函数模型。最后根据改进遗传算法得到优化结果确定最优安装位置和数量,既能满足滤波要求又能节约并联型有源滤波器。第三、提出了一种基于改进遗传算法NSGA-II实现兼顾阻尼损耗和输出效果的LCL滤波器最优参数的设计方法。不合理的滤波器参数不仅会让其滤波效果比较差,也会拉低滤波系统效率值,因此关于LCL滤波器地设计需综合考虑滤波性能及系统效率,即滤波器参数和系统损耗,使滤波器得到最佳输出效果的同时效率也最高。依据以上分析,首先设计LCL滤波器等效电路模型,根据此模型详细分析其带负载能力,为增强其带负载能力必须设置阻尼。然后详细介绍了该滤波器阻尼损耗、输出性能的解析表达式及其参数设计步骤,得到损耗最小且输出效果最佳的参数设计方法。通过快速非支配排序和精英策略的改进遗传算法NSGA-II进行参数寻优,依据最优参数设计输出滤波器。最后通过Simulink搭建仿真模型,结合相关优秀论文提出的方法进行比对分析,可以看出所提方法能有效滤波且系统效率非常高。
[Abstract]:In modern power grid harmonic pollution has become more and more seriously affects the quality of electric energy. The main causes of the harmonic pollution is caused by the nonlinear load, the saturation distortion of power electronic equipment and application of transformers and other equipment over voltage. Active power filter (Active Power, Filter, APF) as a new type of practical power electronic devices can to control the harmonic, reactive power compensation can also be carried out. At present, the research of APF installation position of the literature is relatively small, and mostly concentrated in the installed on a bus when the system harmonic control effect, but not on the installation position optimization. In practical application, APF for high frequency switch which brings new harmonic pollution, must be treated by the output filter. The filter parameters in determining the general value is estimated by experience, check if the backstepping Unreasonable also need to adjust its value until a reasonable date. When the grid impedance due to the LCL type output operation mode changes when the filter performance is still good, so it is often used for APF high frequency harmonic governance choice. But the study on output filter is often concentrated on the filter parameters on the output performance of the, while ignoring the damping loss problem brought. Even a small amount of the loss of the literature, are only take into account the basic requirements of the filter to achieve the damping loss minimum. According to these contents, this paper mainly studies the following contents: first, this paper researches on APF mainly focus on the basic filtering the working principle, introduces how to filter, reactive power compensation and its control method. Then based on the basic principle and control method of APF design, combined with the specific line with non negative The system verifies the effectiveness of the designed APF. Second, set up a APF installation position of optimal allocation in network model. By optimizing the installation position of the APF, can make the harmonic current injected to the system can get the best minimum power quality. The key factors in the system therefore seek APF harmonic serious pollution in the optimal location is to achieve optimal filtering effect. The installation of APF in distribution network containing a large number of harmonic sources in the calculation of matrix is required when the system bus transfer, and then analyzed at each bus response characteristics under different frequencies. The bus priority response and combined with the principle of compensation to determine the nearest alternative bus installation of APF. According to the distribution database requirements of the bus voltage harmonic content, and with the least number of installed APF to achieve harmonic content requirements, proposed global optimization Multi objective function model. Finally, according to the improved genetic algorithm to optimize the results to determine the installation position and the number of optimal, which can meet the requirements of filtering and saving the shunt active power filter. Third, presents a design method of the improved genetic algorithm NSGA-II achieve the optimal parameters of LCL filter both damping loss and output effects based on the parameters of the filter. Not reasonable will not only make the filtering effect is relatively poor, will pull low efficiency filter system on the LCL value, so the filter design efficiency should be considered in filtering performance and system, namely the filter parameters and the loss of the system, the filter to get the best output effect and efficiency is the highest. Based on the above analysis, we design LCL filter equivalent the circuit model, based on detailed analysis of the model for the load capacity, the load capacity must be set. Then the damping enhancement detail The filter damping loss, the design steps of analytic expressions and parameters of output performance, obtained the parameter design method of minimum loss and the best output effect. The parameters were optimized by improved genetic algorithm NSGA-II fast non dominated sorting and elitist strategy, based on the optimal parameter design of output filter. Finally through the Simulink simulation model, combined with related methods the best comparison analysis can be seen that the method can effectively filter and the system efficiency is very high.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM761

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