基于弱磁升速的永磁同步电机调速系统研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 18:22

本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 直接转矩控制　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：PMSM(Permanent Magnet Sychronous Motor,永磁同步电机)体积小、效率高、功率密度大、结构简单、且更为节约能源,所以PMSM在工业、交通、军事、航空等重要领域应用广泛。在采用电压源型逆变器的电机驱动系统中,弱磁控制的实质是在电机的端电压值不断升高,且升高到逆变器直流侧电压允许输出的最大值后,采取一定方式减弱电机磁场继而使转速能够继续升高来满足PMSM在宽调速范围内运行。由于对PMSM弱磁控制的研究能更好地发挥电机的效率,因而今日成为了研究领域的一个重要课题。本文针对PMSM在DTC(Direct Torque Control,直接转矩控制)下的弱磁控制系统,当转速和负载发生变化时,产生的扰动对电机会产生一定的影响,做了相应研究。DTC系统虽然响应较快,但存在转矩脉动大的缺点,近些年在电机控制领域又出现了一种引起广泛重视的控制方式—FCS-MPC(Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control,有限集模型预测控制)。FCS-MPC具有较强约束处理能力,并能将存在的非线性因素都考虑进来使得转矩波纹更小。本文的研究内容主要分为以下几个方面:(1)在进行文献调研后,对PMSM当前存在的几种控制方法进行了总结归纳,并详细介绍了每种方法存在的优缺点,结合PMSM的的结构特点采取利用FCS-MPC控制方法来改善控制系统。(2)PMSM的几种坐标变换方法、PMSM的弱磁基本原理和几种控制方法,并详细分析每种弱磁控制方式的优缺点。(3)为了更好地减少PMSM在弱磁升速的过程中由于负载转矩变化而给电机带来的扰动,提出了采用MPC控制系统,结合DTC下的弱磁控制方法,将DTC下的弱磁控制方法和MPC控制系统结合。在Matlab/Simulink建立系统的仿真模型,并对仿真结果进行对比分析。(4)由于PMSM在速度发生变化时可以视为对PMSM产生的一种扰动,提出了采用ADRC(Active Disturbance Rejection Control,自抗扰控制)速度调节器来减小因为PMSM速度变化而带来的干扰。设计了MPC下基于ADRC速度调节器的PMSM弱磁控制系统,在Matlab/Simulink下建立了系统仿真模型。并对DTC控制系统下基于PI速度调节器和基于ADRC速度调节器的PMSM弱磁控制系统效果进行比较分析,同时还比较分析了MPC控制系统下基于PI速度调节器和基于ADRC速度调节器的PMSM弱磁控制系统,仿真结果说明基于ADRC速度调节器的MPC下PMSM弱磁控制系统在速度和负载发生变化时具有更好的鲁棒性。
[Abstract]:PMSM(Permanent Magnet Sychronous Motor (PMSM) is small in size, high in efficiency, high in power density, simple in structure and more energy efficient, so PMSM is widely used in industry, transportation, military, aviation and other important fields.In the motor drive system with voltage source inverter, the essence of the weak magnetic field control is that the terminal voltage of the motor increases continuously and reaches the maximum output of the DC side voltage of the inverter.The motor magnetic field is weakened in a certain way so that the speed can continue to rise to meet the requirements of PMSM running in a wide speed range.Because the research of PMSM weak magnetic field control can make better use of the efficiency of the motor, it has become an important subject in the field of research today.In this paper, for the weak magnetic field control system of PMSM under DTC(Direct Torque Control (DTC), when the speed and load change, the disturbance will have a certain effect on the motor.In recent years, a kind of control mode -FCS-MPC-Finite Control Set Model Predictive control has appeared in the field of motor control. The finite set model predictive control has strong constraint processing ability.And the nonlinear factors can be taken into account to make the torque ripple smaller.The research contents of this paper are divided into the following aspects: 1) after literature research, several control methods existing in PMSM are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are introduced in detail.According to the structural characteristics of PMSM, several coordinate transformation methods are adopted to improve the control system by using FCS-MPC control method. The basic principle of weak magnetic field and several control methods of PMSM are discussed.The advantages and disadvantages of each weak magnetic control mode are analyzed in detail. In order to reduce the disturbance to the motor caused by the change of the load torque in the course of the weak magnetic field acceleration, a MPC control system is proposed, which is combined with the weak magnetic field control method under the DTC, in order to reduce the disturbance to the motor due to the change of the load torque in the process of the weak magnetic field raising.The weak magnetic field control method under DTC is combined with the MPC control system.The simulation model of the system is established in Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation results are compared and analyzed. (4) because the PMSM can be regarded as a disturbance to the PMSM when the speed changes,In this paper, ADRC(Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) speed regulator is proposed to reduce the interference caused by the change of PMSM speed.The PMSM weak magnetic control system based on ADRC speed regulator under MPC is designed, and the system simulation model is established under Matlab/Simulink.The effect of PMSM weak magnetic field control system based on Pi speed regulator and ADRC speed regulator under DTC control system is compared and analyzed.At the same time, the PMSM weak magnetic field control system based on Pi speed regulator and ADRC speed regulator under MPC control system is compared and analyzed.The simulation results show that the PMSM weak magnetic field control system based on ADRC speed regulator has better robustness when the speed and load change under MPC.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341

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