基于混合储能的组合电源控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 01:31

本文选题：电动汽车 + 分布式发电　；参考：《东南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：二十一世纪以来,世界性的能源危机日趋严重,节能减排技术正逐渐成为各大汽车生产商的主要投资方向方向。目前,采用混合动力驱动的新型汽车已经开始走向千家万户,电动汽车充电技术也在不断发展。为削弱大量快速充电站接入对配电网造成的冲击,可考虑将电动汽车充电站与分布式电源进行一体化设计,由分布式电源和电网共同提供充电所需能量。风能及光伏发电等分布式电源的输出功率具有间歇性和随机性,而且充电负荷的变化也有着不确定性,为了解决上述问题,需要在分布式发电系统中增设储能装置,为了保证系统内部瞬时的能量平衡,储能装置需要频繁地在吸收或发出功率之间切换。频繁的大功率充放电和深度放电会造成铅酸蓄电池温度升高、正负极板上的活性物质脱落等现象,导致电池容量积累性亏损并在短时间内快速下降,严重影响电池的使用寿命。超级电容器与蓄电池在性能特点上有很强的互补性,如果将两者混合使用,将会大大提高储能装置的性能。充电电源采用多个电源模块并联来满足大功率需求。若将各个模块直接并联,难以保证各个模块所承担负载电流的均衡。为改善这一问题,在并联充电系统中采用了均流技术。首先,对含有储能系统的电动汽车充电站的整体方案进行了设计,分析了蓄电池及超级电容的关键特性,以及两者常用的几种模型。对比了混合储能系统与直流母线的几种不同并联结构,选定蓄电池及超级电容分别通过双向DC/DC与直流母线相连接的拓扑结构。其次,针对蓄电池及超级电容两种不同结构下电路中电感、电容值进行了设计。通过状态空间平均法得出了双向DC/DC变换器的小信号模型,在此基础上,分别设计了双向DC/DC变换器工作在降压或升压时的控制策略,在Matlab/Simulink软件中建立了双向DC/DC变换器的仿真模型,对所设计的控制方案进行了验证。最后,对比了几种常见的均流技术,建立了后级变换器的数学模型,在此基础上设计了采用三环控制的并联均流方案。首先将控制策略转换为平均电流控制方式,在电压环里面增加具有较宽带宽的电流环,由于电流环响应速度快,整个系统的动态响应时间得到初步改善；同时对均流环结构也做了适当改进,将均流信号与电压误差信号同时作为电感电流调节的基准信号。均流环在电压环的里面,带宽较窄的问题得以解决,动态性能进一步得到提升,负载产生突变时,能迅速对各个模块的输出电流做出调整,避免某些模块出现过流。文中采用该种均流方案进行研究分析。在仿真软件中搭建了充电电源的并联均流模型,对其均流效果进行仿真分析,验证了所设计三环控制方案在全桥变换器并联运行时的有效性。
[Abstract]:Since twenty-first Century, the world energy crisis, energy saving and emission reduction technology is becoming the main investment direction of major automobile manufacturers direction. At present, the new hybrid vehicle drive has begun to thousands of households, technology is also in the continuous development of electric vehicle charging. In order to reduce the large fast charging station access to the distribution network caused by the impact and consider the electric vehicle charging station and distributed power supply integrated design provided by the distributed power and power required for charging energy. The output power of wind and photovoltaic distributed power supply is intermittent and randomness, and the charging load changes also have uncertainty, in order to solve the problem, need storage device add in the distributed generation system, in order to ensure the energy balance within the system transient, energy storage devices require frequent in absorption or A power switch. High power charge discharge and depth of discharge frequently will cause the lead-acid battery temperature, active material of positive and negative plates on the off phenomenon, resulting in the accumulation of battery capacity loss in a short time and rapid decline, serious impact on battery life. Super capacitor and battery are highly complementary in the performance characteristics, if the two mixed use, will greatly improve the performance of energy storage device. The charging power supply adopts a plurality of power supply modules in parallel to meet the power demand. If the modules are directly connected in parallel, it is difficult to guarantee each module for load current equilibrium. In order to improve this problem, the system adopts parallel charging the current sharing technology. First of all, on the electric vehicle charging system with energy storage station scheme is designed, analyzed the key characteristics of the battery and super capacitor, and the two Several commonly used model. Comparison of the hybrid energy storage system with different DC bus parallel structure, the topological structure of selected battery and super capacitor are connected respectively with DC bus through bi-directional DC/DC. Secondly, according to the two inductor circuit under different structure in the battery and super capacitor, the capacitance of the small signal model of two-way design. DC/DC converter through the state space average method, on this basis, designed control strategy for bi-directional DC/DC converter working in buck or boost when, in the Matlab/Simulink software simulation model of bidirectional DC/DC converter is established, the control scheme design is verified. Finally, compared the current sharing technology several common, mathematical model is established after converter, on the basis of the design of the parallel control flow scheme. First the control strategy for peace Average current mode control, current loop increases with wide bandwidth in the voltage loop, current loop with fast response speed, dynamic response time of the whole system has been improved; at the same time on the current loop structure also made the appropriate improvement, the flow signal and the voltage error signal at the same time as the inductor current regulation reference signal current loop in the voltage loop. It can solve the problem of narrow bandwidth, dynamic performance is further improved, the load generated mutation, can quickly output current of each module to make adjustments, avoid some module over-current. In this paper the current sharing scheme is studied in this paper. In the simulation software to build the parallel charging power supply is on the flow model, flow effect simulation analysis, verify the validity of the designed control scheme in the parallel full bridge converter operation.

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM53;TM46

【参考文献】