微电网中混合储能系统优化控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 06:00

本文选题：混合储能 + 两重滤波器　；参考：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：微电网中太阳能等发电单元的装机容量正不断上升,国家规划在“十三五”末中国光伏电站装机量将达150GW,其中地面集中式电站80GW,分布式电站装机容量接近半壁江山,预计达到70GW装机容量。但是太阳能等发电单元具有功率输出的随机性和时效性的特点,导致单独使用太阳能、风能这样的发电单元的微电网很难满足其负载的稳定运行。发电单元的发电功率短时间内的频繁波动也对微电网的电能质量提出严峻考验。而混合储能系统作为一种可以调度的资源可以弥补微电网中发电单元的这一缺陷。通过相应的控制策略,可以平滑发电单元的功率波动,改善电能质量。同时还考虑了混合储能系统的容量配比问题,在满足微电网运行的条件下,消除了微电网中的混合储能系统的运行风险和减小了运行成本。本文围绕着微电网和混合储能系统的系统结构和控制策略主要做了以下几个方面的工作:第一,概述了本文的研究背景,分别讨论了微电网和混合储能系统的研究现状,研究了目前微电网发电单元存在的调度以及存储上所面临的问题,提出本文要解决的问题。第二,分析混合储能系统中的不同的储能单元(超级电容和蓄电池)的性质,并据此提出了一种微电网中的混合储能系统的拓扑结构,并介绍了DC/DC变换器的工作原理。还设计并优化了一种应用在微电网中的两重低通滤波器,其中第一重低通滤波根据发电单元当前状态自适应调节滤波器参数,优化发电单元的输出功率,平抑发电单元的输出功率波动。第二重低通滤波器区分出微电网中的发电单元发出的功率的高频和低频波动,再由执行机构分配不同的储能单元的出力达到抑制微电网中发电单元功率波动的目的。第三,阐述了混合储能系统抑制微电网中发电单元功率波动的策略和混合储能系统自身的控制策略。并设置相关限制条件,以保证微电网稳定可靠运行。第四,利用粒子群算法求解多目标函数。分别提出以平抑发电单元功率波动,以满足微电网极限情况可靠运行为目标的多目标函数。然后提出一种根据不同调度周期内目标值与平均值的差确定加权系数的多目标函数拟合的方法。用改进后的粒子群算法求解拟合后的目标函数。并对传统的粒子群算法进行改进,加入惯性权重自适应策略和最差粒子淘汰策略。以解决传统的粒子群算法容易陷入“早熟”的缺点。第五,搭建软件与硬件实验平台。对控制策略的软件和硬件平台进行整体设计。通过比较分析混合储能系统中的蓄电池和超级电容的功率波动,直接反映出了功率分配情况。通过与传统的混合储能控制策略做比较,反映出优化后的混合储能控制策略与传统的混合储能控制策略相比可节约4.3%的成本,且平抑发电单元的功率波动的性能也有了显著地提高。由此可证明本文提出的能量管理策略具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:In the micro grid, the installed capacity of the solar power unit is rising continuously. The national plan will reach 150GW at the end of 13th Five-Year, in which the power station 80GW of the ground centralized power station is close to half of the power capacity of the distributed power station, and the installed capacity of the power plant is expected to reach the 70GW installed capacity. The characteristics of randomness and timeliness lead to the use of solar energy alone. The micro grid of power generation units such as wind energy is difficult to meet the stable operation of its load. The frequent fluctuations of power generation power in a short time also put a severe test on the power quality of the microgrid. The hybrid energy storage system can be used as a scheduling resource. Through the corresponding control strategy, the power fluctuation of the power generation unit can be smoothed and the power quality is improved. At the same time, the capacity ratio problem of the hybrid energy storage system is considered, and the operation risk and reduction of the hybrid energy storage system in the microgrid are eliminated under the conditions of the micro grid operation. This paper focuses on the system structure and control strategy of micro grid and hybrid energy storage system. Firstly, the research background of this paper is summarized, the research status of micro grid and hybrid energy storage system is discussed respectively, and the existing scheduling and storage of the current microgrid power generation unit are studied. Second, analyze the properties of different energy storage units (supercapacitors and batteries) in the hybrid energy storage system, and propose a topology of the hybrid energy storage system in the micro grid, and introduce the working principle of the DC/DC converter, and design and optimize a kind of application in the microgrid. The first low pass filter, in which the first low pass filter adaptively adjusts the filter parameters according to the current state of the power generation unit, optimizes the output power of the generating unit and reduces the output power fluctuation of the generating unit. The second low pass filter area separates the high frequency and low frequency fluctuation of the power generated by the generating unit in the microgrid, and then it is implemented again. The distribution of different energy storage units in the row mechanism can achieve the purpose of restraining the power fluctuation of the power generation unit in the microgrid. Third, the strategy of the hybrid energy storage system to restrain the power fluctuation of the power unit in the microgrid and the control strategy of the hybrid energy storage system itself is expounded, and the relevant restrictions are set up to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the micro grid. Four, the multiobjective function is solved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO). The multi-objective function is proposed to suppress the power fluctuation of the power generation unit to satisfy the reliable operation of the microgrid limit, and then a method of multi objective function fitting is proposed based on the difference between the target value and the average value in the different scheduling period. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the fitted objective function. The traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is improved, the inertia weight adaptive strategy and the worst particle elimination strategy are added to solve the shortcomings of the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO). Fifth, the software and hardware platform of the software and hardware are built. By comparing and analyzing the power fluctuation of the battery and supercapacitor in the hybrid energy storage system, the power distribution is directly reflected. By comparing with the traditional hybrid energy storage control strategy, it is shown that the optimized hybrid energy storage control strategy can save 4.3% of the traditional hybrid energy storage control strategy compared with the traditional hybrid energy storage control strategy. The performance of the power fluctuation in this unit has also been greatly improved. Thus, it is proved that the energy management strategy proposed in this paper has some theoretical significance and practical application value.

【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM727

【参考文献】