三相异步电动机软启动与调压节能技术的研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 10:19

本文选题：三相异步电动机 + 软启动　；参考：《天津理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：能源匮乏和环境污染是当今人类生存与发展必须面对的两个主要挑战。在我国这两个挑战更加严峻。在资源不足的情况下,我国仍然存在能源利用率低下和无节制的资源浪费现象。因此,研究如何更好地提高能源利用的效率和促进节能产业的发展具有重要的意义。把电能转换成机械能的主要途径就是电动机的应用,各类电动机中应用最广泛的是三相异步电动机。然而,异步电动机的应用仍存在一些问题,主要存在两个问题,一、启动电流过大;二、运行效率较低。目前,虽然很多学者在异步电动机的软启动与节能运行领域做了很多研究工作,但多数没得到实际应用。由于本文是基于与天津石化合作关于三相异步电动机节能研究的项目,因此更侧重于实用性。因此,研究具有实用性的异步电动机软启动方法和节能运行技术对抑制启动电流危害和降低电机损耗进而减少企业的生产成本具有重要的现实意义。本文的主要内容如下:1、介绍了课题研究的背景和意义;简述了软启动和节能技术常用的方法及其优缺点,通过对比分析确定了运用三组反向并联的晶闸管构成的调压电路来实现电机软启动和调压节能的功能;并简述了几种常用的控制方法。2、分析了交流调压电路单相以及三相的调压原理;然后详细介绍了电动机内部损耗情况,进而分析降压节能的原理;并论述了电动机效率与功率因数的关系,并指出用功率因数大小来表征电机效率高低的可行性。3、在MATLAB仿真环境下,搭建了电动机软启动仿真模型,并对比分析了全压启动、斜坡升压软启动和限流软启动三次仿真的结果,说明了异步电动机软启动的优越性,以及两种软启动方法的特点。4、详细论述了线性自抗扰控制技术(LADRC)的基本原理;搭建了调压节能的仿真模型,并对比了传统PID控制下和LADRC控制下的调压节能效果,仿真结果表明,LADRC控制效果优于传统PID,调压节能效果更加突出。
[Abstract]:Energy shortage and environmental pollution are two major challenges facing human survival and development. These two challenges are more severe in our country. Under the condition of insufficient resources, our country still has a low energy utilization rate and unrestrained waste of resources. Therefore, the research on how to improve the efficiency of energy utilization and promote energy conservation is studied. The development of industry is of great significance. The main way to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy is the application of motor. The most widely used of all kinds of motors is three-phase asynchronous motor. However, there are still some problems in the application of asynchronous motor. There are two main problems, one, too large starting current; two, low operating efficiency. At present, although However, many scholars have done a lot of research work in the field of asynchronous motor's soft start and energy saving operation, but most of them have not been applied in practice. Because this paper is based on the project of energy saving research on three-phase asynchronous motor with Tianjin Petrochemical cooperation, it is more practical. Therefore, it is useful to study the practical soft start side of asynchronous motor. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1, the main contents of this paper are as follows: 1, the background and significance of the research are introduced, and the common method and its advantages and disadvantages of soft start and energy saving technology are briefly described, and the transportation is determined by comparison and analysis. The voltage regulating circuit composed of three sets of reverse parallel thyristors is used to realize the function of soft start and voltage regulation of the motor. Several common control methods,.2, are briefly described, and the voltage regulation principle of the single-phase and three-phase AC voltage regulation circuits is analyzed. Then the internal loss of the motor is introduced in detail, and the principle of energy saving is analyzed. The relationship between the efficiency of the motor and the power factor and the feasibility of using the power factor to characterize the efficiency of the motor are pointed out. In the MATLAB simulation environment, the soft start simulation model of the motor is built, and the results of three times simulation of the full pressure start, the soft start of the ramp pressure and the soft start of the current limit are compared and analyzed, and the soft power of the asynchronous motor is explained. The advantages of starting and the characteristics of two kinds of soft start methods.4, the basic principle of linear auto disturbance rejection control (LADRC) is discussed in detail. The simulation model of voltage regulation energy saving is built, and the effect of voltage regulation and energy saving under the traditional PID control and LADRC control is compared. The simulation results show that the effect of LADRC control is superior to the traditional PID and the effect of voltage regulation and energy saving. More protruding.

【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM343.2

【相似文献】