纤维素透明导电膜的制备及在太阳能电池上的应用

发布时间：2018-04-20 13:25

  本文选题：离子液体 + 溶解浆　； 参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着电子产品更新换代的加快,轻质、高透光率的导电薄膜材料越来越被广泛使用。目前,光电材料中的透明导电薄膜基底材料,主要采用一些透明度高,热稳定性好的有机聚合物材料。然而这些人工有机高分子材料降解困难,对生态环境会造成破坏。为了实现资源可持续发展,使用新型材料替代化石原料的需求已经迫在眉睫。本文以自然界含量最丰富的纤维素为原料,制备出高光电性能的导电膜,并将其用于在钙钛矿电池中。分析比较咪唑类离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Amim]Cl)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([Emim]Ac)对针叶木溶解浆纤维(DP=500)的溶解和成膜性质,优选适合于制备透明纤维素膜的离子液体。结果表明:以[Amim]Cl作为溶剂,制备的纤维素膜具有较好的透光率以及成膜工艺的可操作性,而[Bmim]Cl、[Emim]Ac制备所得的纤维素膜透光率偏低,且强度也较弱。优化[Amin]Cl溶解及制膜工艺,发现在反应温度90℃,反应时间45 min,溶解浓度3%可以制备出透光率86.4%,抗张强度38.1 Mpa以及结晶度31.6%的纤维素薄膜。优化乙二醇制备银纳米线的实验工艺,分析聚乙烯亚胺对银纳米线的生成和均一性的影响。结果表明:在反应温度170℃,PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)与AgNO3的摩尔比为4.6:1,反应时间为40min的条件下,可以制备出平均直径65 nm,平均长度8 μm的银纳米线,但是制得的银纳米线均一性较差。分析比较聚乙烯亚胺对银纳米线制备的影响,在银纳米线反应30min后,加入一定量的聚乙烯亚胺可以制备出平均直径85 nm,平均长度15 μm的银纳米线,且得到的银纳米线均一性显著提高。采用离心沉积法在纤维素薄膜上沉积银纳米线制备导电薄膜,研究银纳米线沉积定量以及硝酸处理对导电薄膜透光率和方阻的影响。研究发现:银纳米线的定量维持在0.18 g/m2,可制备出透光率73%,方阻23 Ω/□的导电膜。硝酸处理浓度为16%,处理时间2 min,导电膜的透光率可以达到80.4%,而方阻基本保持不变,为28Ω/□。将制备的透明导电薄膜作为阳极制备钙钛矿薄膜太阳能电池,分析太阳能电池电学性质。结果表明:太阳能电池短路电流密度为9.58 mA/cm2,开路电压为1.02V,填充因子为45.8%,光电转化效率为4.49%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid upgrading of electronic products, light, high transmittance conductive film materials are more and more widely used. At present, transparent conductive thin film substrates in optoelectronic materials mainly use some organic polymer materials with high transparency and good thermal stability. However, the degradation of these artificial organic polymer materials is difficult, which will damage the ecological environment. In order to realize the sustainable development of resources, it is urgent to replace fossil materials with new materials. In this paper, a conductive film with high photoelectric properties was prepared from cellulose, which is the most abundant cellulose in nature, and used in perovskite battery. The dissolving and film-forming properties of imidazole ionic liquid 1 allyl 3 methyl imidazole chloride salt ([Amim] Amim 1 Ding Ji 3 methyl imidazole chloride salt [Bmim] Bmim 1 ethyl 3 methyl imidazole acetate ([Emim] Acc) on coniferous wood lytic pulp fiber DP500) were analyzed and compared. The ionic liquids suitable for the preparation of transparent cellulose membranes are selected. The results show that the cellulose membrane prepared by using [Amim] Cl as solvent has better transmittance and more maneuverability of film forming process, while [Bmim] Cl and [Emim] ac have lower transmittance and weaker strength than those prepared by [Bmim] Cl and [Emim] ac. By optimizing the process of [Amin] Cl dissolution and film preparation, it was found that cellulose films with light transmittance of 86.4%, tensile strength of 38.1 Mpa and crystallinity of 31.6% could be prepared at reaction temperature 90 鈩，

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