三相异步电机转同步运行节能装置的研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 11:02

本文选题：同步电机 + 功率因数　；参考：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：油田抽油机大部分时间都处在空抽、轻载以及未满负荷状态下运行,电机运行效率和功率因数约较低,能源浪费严重。由于油田的特殊情况,负载的周期性变化,使得电机很难在较高的功率因数下运行,而同步电机可以通过调节励磁电流来改变功率因数,使得电机输出的机械特性和负载特性相匹配,这样就使得电机的工作效率大大提升,减少了无谓的消耗,实现节能,这在当今国家提倡节能减排的大背景下,设计出一种可以稳定运行的励磁节能装置就显得很有必要了。本论文的主要任务就是设计一套数字式励磁调节装置,使得抽油机无论是满载或是轻载时都能以较高的功率因数运行,使得它的功率因数接近为1,电机的运行效果最好、节能效果良好,通过PIC16F系列单片机实现信号的采集以及控制算法的处理,通过引脚输出的调制脉冲来控制IGBT的开关来实现励磁电流的调节,实现同步电机在不同的负载下自动调节功率因数,完成整体的软硬件设计,采用目前较新颖的模糊控制PID控制算法,将模糊控制算法与传统PID相结合并引入到励磁系统之中,并用MATLAB进行仿真实验,得到仿真结果。通过仿真实验证明,该系统响应速度快、性能良好、控制度高,与传统励磁控制器相比,具有更好的跟踪性,实时调节更加迅速,节能效果良好,达到了预期效果。
[Abstract]:Most of the pumping units in oil fields are operated under the condition of empty pumping, light load and not full load, the motor running efficiency and power factor are low, and the energy waste is serious. Because of the special situation of oil field and the periodic change of load, it is very difficult for the motor to operate under the higher power factor, and the synchronous motor can change the power factor by adjusting the excitation current. So that the mechanical characteristics of the motor output and load characteristics match, so that the motor work efficiency is greatly improved, reduce unnecessary consumption, achieve energy conservation, which is in the context of energy conservation and emission reduction in the country. It is necessary to design a stable excitation and energy saving device. The main task of this paper is to design a set of digital excitation regulator, so that the pumping unit can operate with a higher power factor no matter when it is full load or light load, so that its power factor is close to 1, and the operation effect of the motor is the best. The energy saving effect is good. The signal collection and control algorithm are realized by PIC16F series single chip microcomputer, and the excitation current is adjusted by controlling the switch of IGBT through the modulation pulse of pin output. The synchronous motor can automatically adjust the power factor under different loads, complete the whole design of software and hardware, adopt the new fuzzy control PID control algorithm, combine the fuzzy control algorithm with the traditional PID, and introduce it into the excitation system. The simulation results are obtained by using MATLAB. The simulation results show that the system has the advantages of fast response, good performance and high degree of control. Compared with the traditional excitation controller, the system has better tracking performance, faster real-time regulation and better energy-saving effect.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM343.2

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