微电网互联运行的优化调度与实时控制方法

发布时间：2018-04-27 05:38

本文选题：微电网 + 互联　；参考：《华北电力大学(北京)》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球性节能减排的呼声不断增加,越来越多的国家认识到可再生能源替代化石能源的必要性与紧迫性。微电网凭借其可合理整合可再生能源、发电方式灵活、可脱离电网独立运行、具备储能系统、分布式发电线路损耗小等优点得到了空前的发展。随着微电网的不断增多,其互联运行的优点逐渐凸显,不论是通过电力互用实现时空资源互补,还是提升互联系统整体运行的暂、稳态稳定性,抑或在配电网故障时通过互联扩大供电范围进而实现配电网的黑启动,都体现了微电网互联运行的迫切需求。但是,微电网不能直接互联而不加以管控,因为互联后电源功率分配系数可能不匹配而造成全网发电成本反而升高,得不偿失；此外,两微电网中电源的综合协调控制也面临新的挑战。因此,应通过合理的方式和管理、控制策略将微电网进行互联运行。本文从优化调度和实时控制两个层面,提出了微电网互联的运行控制方法,降低系统总体发电成本,提高运行稳定性。在优化调度层面,基于超短期的风光功率及负荷预测结果,以全系统发电成本最低为目标,提出了考虑资源时空互补特性的互联微电网优化调度方法。针对储能电池充放电循环的不完整性问题,提出了适用于分析短时间段内储能电池等效损耗的发电成本模型。在实时协调控制层面,针对风、光功率的间歇性以及负荷投切的随机性而引起的系统功率波动问题,提出了基于动态下垂控制的联络线定功率控制方法,以联络线功率波动量作为微电网的总控制参考偏差,并基于等发电成本微增率分配这一偏差,得到各可控电源的功率修正量；进而采用动态下垂控制实现输出功率的实时修正,在保证联络线功率恒定的基础上,使功率波动量得到经济合理分配。算例构建了基于MATLAB的典型两微电网互联的优化调度模型和基于PSCAD/EMTDC的元件级两微电网互联系统仿真模型,并分别进行了优化调度计算、可控电源功率修正量计算、实时运行控制仿真的算例验证,验证了所提优化调度方法在促进互联微电网资源互补、降低运行成本方面的作用,实时仿真结果验证了动态下垂控制策略可有效实现联络线定功率控制。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand of global energy saving and emission reduction, more and more countries realize the necessity and urgency of replacing fossil energy with renewable energy. Microgrid has been developed with the advantages of reasonable integration of renewable energy, flexible generation mode, independent operation without grid, energy storage system and low loss of distributed generation lines. With the increasing of microgrid, its advantages of interconnected operation become more and more obvious, whether it is to realize the complementarity of space-time resources through the mutual use of electric power, or to enhance the transient and steady stability of the whole operation of interconnected system. Or in the distribution network fault through the interconnection to expand the scope of power supply to achieve the black start of the distribution network, both reflect the urgent need of micro-grid interconnection operation. However, microgrids cannot be directly interconnected and not regulated, as the power distribution factor may not match after interconnection, resulting in higher generation costs for the entire network than the loss; in addition, The integrated coordinated control of power supply in two microgrid also faces new challenges. Therefore, microgrid should be interconnected by reasonable management and control strategy. In this paper, from the two aspects of optimal dispatching and real-time control, the operation control method of microgrid interconnection is proposed, which can reduce the total generation cost of the system and improve the operation stability. At the level of optimal dispatching, based on the results of ultra-short-term wind power and load forecasting, the optimal dispatching method of interconnected microgrid considering the space-time complementarity of resources is proposed, aiming at the lowest generation cost of the whole system. In order to solve the problem of incomplete charge / discharge cycle of energy storage cells, a generation cost model is proposed to analyze the equivalent losses of energy storage cells in a short period of time. In the aspect of real-time coordinated control, a tie-line fixed power control method based on dynamic droop control is proposed to solve the power fluctuation problem caused by the intermittent wind, optical power and randomness of load switching. The tie-line power fluctuation is used as the total control reference deviation of microgrid, and based on the deviation of equal generation cost, the power correction of each controllable power supply is obtained, and the real-time correction of output power is realized by dynamic droop control. On the basis of keeping the tie-line power constant, the power fluctuation can be allocated economically and reasonably. The optimal dispatching model of typical two-microgrid interconnection based on MATLAB and the simulation model of component-level two-microgrid interconnection system based on PSCAD/EMTDC are constructed, and the optimal dispatching calculation and power correction calculation of controllable power supply are carried out respectively. An example of real-time operation control simulation is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal scheduling method in promoting the complementarity of interconnected microgrid resources and reducing the operation cost. The real-time simulation results show that the dynamic droop control strategy can effectively realize the tie-line constant power control.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM73

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