提高小型盘式风力发电机功率密度的研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:13

本文选题：盘式永磁发电机 + 风力发电　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：风力发电作为一种新型发电产业具有对环境不造成污染、经济效益好、投资灵活等其他新能源不能与之相比拟的优点。小型离网式风力发电系统具有对自然环境的适应能力强、可靠性高等优点,在偏远地区居民生产生活用电、多风地区道路照明和沿海景观中被广泛使用。如何在有限的空间内有效的提高电机的气隙磁通密度一直是电机研究学者追求的方向,数十年来世界各国学者对钕铁硼永磁材料进行了大量的深入探索研究,使得永磁电机得到井喷式发展。由于钕铁硼强磁体在盘式永磁电机中的使用,使得永磁盘式电机重量减轻、使用寿命大幅延长体积缩小、体积减小、散热性能好、轴向尺寸缩小。因此永磁盘式电机比较适用于小型垂直轴风力发电机。本文的目标是设计并制作出一种适用于小型垂直轴风力机的盘式发电机,并对此发电机进行优化,提高电机的功率密度。具体工作包括:(1)介绍盘式电机的基本拓扑结构,阐述halbach磁极结构的优点并对盘式电机的基本电磁关系进行了推导。(2)虽然利用图解法、模拟法、解析法等都可以求解盘式发电机磁场的问题,但是运用Ansoft Maxwell对盘式发电机进行分析计算相对于其他方法具有精确度高、简单方便等优点。因此,基于Ansoft Maxwell采用控制变量法对盘式永磁发电机的磁极、背铁、绕组等重要组成部分进行改进优化。(3)完成盘式发电机的优化设计后,对所设计发电机的空载电压特性以及负载功率进行仿真计算是极其关键的一步,通过分析得到空载时电压的波形频率等以及负载时电压电流波形。(4)盘式发电机的制作工艺是一个重要环节,电枢盘的制作、磁极的卡位都十分困难,对制作盘式电机的工艺进行了介绍,对制作过程中的一些注意事项加以说明。设计完成后的盘式发电机在真实情况中工作性能是验证设计结果是否到达要求的重要检测方面,因此把制作好的盘式发电机应用在山东大学磁悬浮研究中心制作的小型垂直轴风力机上使用,进行风力发电试验,通过数据比对分析,实验数据和设计数据基本吻合,验证了对于设计仿真的正确性。(5)目前关于halbach阵列磁极结构的盘式发电机研究较少,但是,无铁芯、halbach结构的盘式发电机较常规盘式发电机相比有重量轻、气隙处磁密大、正弦度好,避免了谐波引起的附加损耗等优点。因此研究无铁芯、halbach结构的盘式发电机在直驱风力发电领域具有重要的实际意义。对比盘式发电机和添加halbach阵列磁极结构的盘式永磁发电机的输出电压、电流和功率,验证了在盘式发电机中添加halbach阵列磁极结构对于增加发电机的功率密度有显著效果。
[Abstract]:Wind power generation as a new type of power generation industry has the advantages of no pollution to the environment, good economic benefits, flexible investment and other new energy can not be compared with it. Small-scale off-grid wind power generation system has the advantages of strong adaptability to natural environment, high reliability and so on. It is widely used in the production and living of electricity in remote areas, road lighting and coastal landscape in windy areas. How to effectively improve the air gap flux density of the motor in a limited space has always been the direction pursued by the motor researchers. In recent decades, many scholars all over the world have carried out a lot of in-depth research on the NdFeB permanent magnet materials. The permanent magnet motor is developed by blowout. Due to the use of NdFeB strong magnet in disc permanent magnet motor, the weight of PMSM is reduced, the service life is greatly prolonged, the volume is reduced, the volume is reduced, the heat dissipation performance is good, and the axial size is reduced. Therefore, permanent magnet disk motor is more suitable for small vertical axis wind turbine. The aim of this paper is to design and produce a kind of disc generator suitable for small vertical axis wind turbine, and optimize the generator to increase the power density of the motor. The specific work includes introducing the basic topological structure of disk motor, expounding the advantages of halbach magnetic pole structure and deducing the basic electromagnetic relation of disk motor. The analytical method can solve the magnetic field problem of disc generator, but the analysis and calculation of disk generator by Ansoft Maxwell has the advantages of high accuracy, simplicity and convenience. Therefore, based on Ansoft Maxwell, the control variable method is used to improve and optimize the magnetic pole, back iron, winding and other important components of disc permanent magnet generator. The simulation of the no-load voltage characteristics and load power of the designed generator is an extremely important step. It is an important link to obtain the waveform frequency of no-load voltage and voltage and current waveform. 4) the fabrication technology of disk generator is an important link. It is very difficult to make armature disk and the location of magnetic pole. The process of making disc motor is introduced, and some matters needing attention are explained. After the design is completed, the performance of the disc generator in the real situation is an important test aspect to verify whether the design results meet the requirements. Therefore, the disk generator is used in the small vertical axis wind turbine made by the magnetic suspension research center of Shandong University, and the wind power generation test is carried out. Through the data comparison and analysis, the experimental data and the design data are basically consistent. The correctness of the design and simulation is verified. (5) at present, there is little research on the disk generator with halbach array magnetic pole structure, but the disk generator with no iron core has lighter weight and larger magnetic density at the air gap than the conventional disk generator. The sinusoidal degree is good and the additional loss caused by harmonics is avoided. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the disk generator without iron core and halbach structure in the field of direct drive wind power generation. By comparing the output voltage, current and power of disk generator and disk permanent magnet generator with halbach array magnetic pole structure, it is proved that adding halbach array magnetic pole structure to disc generator has remarkable effect on increasing generator power density.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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