美国滨海核电厂取水设施及生态影响分析和启示

发布时间：2018-05-05 07:01

本文选题：核电厂 + 取水设施　；参考：《海洋工程》2017年06期

【摘要】：介绍美国滨海18个核电厂址(共31台核电机组)取水设施特点及其生态影响。可以看出,在取水设施设计上,美国大部分核电厂采取了减小取水设施对水生生物的撞击和夹带的影响措施,包括采用闭式循环冷却系统;设置改进型滤网及滤网清洗和鱼回流系统;降低穿过滤网流速;设置离岸蘑菇头式取水口;减小取水流量;在取水设施外围设置屏障网等。虽然采取了一些控制措施,由历年监测数据可以看出,美国有些厂址的冷却水取水设施对鱼类、贝类等水生生物的夹带、撞击影响可能为中等水平,甚至是大的。与我国滨海厂址取水设施比较可以看出,我国大部分核电厂未采取减小取水影响的措施。并且,我国核电厂址机组数量较多,冷却水取水量较大,取水可能带来的生态影响不容忽视。因此,应结合厂址特性优化冷却水取水设施位置、设计、建造和能力,以反映最佳适用技术(BTA),最小化环境的负面影响。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the characteristics and ecological effects of water intake facilities at 18 nuclear power plant sites (31 nuclear power units) in the coastal area of the United States. It can be seen that in the design of water intake facilities, most nuclear power plants in the United States have adopted measures to reduce the impact of water intake facilities on aquatic organisms, including the use of closed cycle cooling systems; Set up improved filter screen, filter net cleaning and fish reflux system; reduce the flow velocity of filter screen; set offshore mushroom head intake; reduce water intake flow; set up barrier net around the water intake facility. Although some control measures have been taken, it can be seen from the monitoring data over the years that the impact effects of the cooling water intake facilities in some sites in the United States on the entrainment of aquatic organisms such as fish and shellfish may be moderate or even large. Compared with the water collection facilities at coastal sites in China, most of the nuclear power plants in China have not taken measures to reduce the impact of water intake. In addition, the number of nuclear power plant units in China is large, the amount of cooling water is large, and the ecological impact of water intake can not be ignored. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the location, design, construction and capacity of cooling water intake facilities in combination with site characteristics, so as to reflect the best applicable technology and minimize the negative impact on the environment.
【作者单位】：环境保护部核与辐射安全中心;
【分类号】：TM623

【相似文献】