SPS制备Cu-Cr电接触复合材料的组织与性能
发布时间:2018-05-08 01:23
本文选题:Cu-Cr电接触复合材料 + 放电等离子烧结 ; 参考:《河南科技大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:电触头是电器控制过程中的重要组成元件,具有连通或断开电路电流的作用,其性能直接关系到电器运行的可靠性和使用寿命。Cu-Cr复合材料既有Cu优良的导电、导热性以及良好塑性等优点又有Cr的高强度、低截流值以及较好的灭弧性等特点,是理想的“结构-功能一体化”复合材料之一。本文利用放电等离子烧结法(简称SPS)制备出不同Cr含量的Cu-Cr电接触复合材料。对所得复合材料进行致密度、硬度和电导率测试,然后观察其微观组织;分析Cr对Cu-Cr电接触复合材料组织与性能的影响;利用Gleeble-1500D热/力模拟机进行高温热压缩变形试验,在热形变温度650~950℃、应变速率0.001~10 s-1范围内,分析Cu-Cr电接触复合材料的流变应力曲线特征,依据双曲函数模型求出材料的热激活能并构建流变应力本构方程,然后对本构方程进行精度检验;利用动态材料模型绘制材料的热加工图,确定最佳加工范围;利用JF04C电接触测试系统对Cu-Cr复合材料进行恒流负载条件下的电接触性能测试,分析不同电流强度下材料的损耗和转移量,结合材料表面电弧侵蚀微观形貌对其侵蚀机理进行讨论。研究结果表明:1.SPS法制备的三种Cu-Cr电接触复合材料组织均匀致密,增强相Cr颗粒弥散分散在铜基体上,致密度为94.3%~97.7%、导电率为39.0%IACS~59.2%IACS、硬度为63.2~72.4HBW。随着Cr含量增多,其致密度和电导率逐渐减少,硬度则呈现增大趋势。2.Cu-Cr电接触复合材料的流变应力曲线具有动态回复和动态再结晶特征,峰值应力会随应变速率的增加和温度的下降而升高;得出Cu-10Cr、Cu-20Cr和Cu-30Cr三种复合材料热变形激活能为:260.743 kJ/mol、242.336 kJ/mol和246.365 kJ/mol,并且所构建复合材料的本构方程精度较高。3.依据不同应变条件下的应力值,绘制出材料的热加工图,并结合其热变形微观组织分析材料的热变形特征,确定最佳工艺参数。4.随着电流值增大,Cu-Cr电接触复合材料损耗加剧,且当电流值增加到30 A时,材料发生从阴极到阳极的转移;电流强度增加,转移量增多。触头表面电弧侵蚀会呈现有气孔、裂缝、凹坑、熔池等多种形貌特征。材料的燃弧能量与燃弧时间之间具有正相关的线性关系。随着试验次数增加,接触电阻和熔焊力之间无明显变化规律,接触电阻随电流的增加逐渐减小,熔焊力有增大趋势。
[Abstract]:Electrical contact is an important component of electrical apparatus control process. It has the function of connecting or disconnecting circuit current. Its performance is directly related to the reliability and service life of electrical apparatus. Cu-Cr composite has excellent electrical conductivity of Cu. The advantages of thermal conductivity and good plasticity have the advantages of high strength of Cr, low cut-off value and good arc extinguishing property. It is one of the ideal "structure-function integration" composite materials. In this paper, Cu-Cr electrical contact composites with different Cr content were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The density, hardness and conductivity of the composites were measured, and then the microstructure of the composites was observed. The effect of Cr on the microstructure and properties of the Cu-Cr composites was analyzed. The thermal compression deformation tests at high temperature were carried out by using the Gleeble-1500D thermal / mechanical simulator. In the temperature range of 650 ~ 950 鈩,
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