C型铁芯转子永磁直驱风力发电机设计与退磁研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 00:16

本文选题：C铁芯转子 + 无铁芯　；参考：《上海电机学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今社会能源危机日益严重,环境污染、温室效应不断加剧,寻找清洁无污染的新能源替代传统化石能源发电是当今人类社会一项紧迫任务,风能分布广泛、蕴含总量巨大且利用风能发电可实现无污染,因此风力发电成为当前研究热点。风力发电的核心部件是风力发电机组,主要分为双馈异步型和永磁直驱型两大类,而永磁直驱风电机组因其省去了齿轮箱使得发电机的系统损耗降低、效率提高、维护保养工作量减少,提高了风电机组运行的稳定性,因此被认为是未来风电机组的发展趋势。然而传统的永磁直驱风力发电机定转子之间的电磁吸力会导致齿槽转矩很大,低风速启动困难,而且铁耗严重。本文研究的C型铁芯转子定子无铁芯永磁直驱风力发电机不仅保持了传统永磁直驱风力发电机的诸多优点,而且消除了电机的齿槽转矩及定子铁芯损耗,减轻了电机的结构重量,因此具有很好的低风速直接启动性能。随着具有高强度和固定性好的轻质复合材料的发展,无铁芯电机中绕组的固定技术也更加成熟,无铁芯电机必然会有更好的发展前景。本文第一部分介绍了风力发电的背景意义,现代风力发电机的分类,永磁直驱风力发电机研究现状,重点对无铁芯电机做了较为全面地综述。传统无铁芯电机多以轴向结构为主,然而在大功率场合不适合用轴向结构电机,因此研究径向结构无铁芯电机是大型永磁直驱风力发电机发展的必然趋势,本章对目前已经研制成功的大型径向结构无铁芯电机的一般设计方法做了介绍并对它们的参数范围进行了总结,最后描述了采用C型铁芯转子无铁芯永磁直驱风力发电机拓扑结构的特点。第二部分论述了永磁电机设计的一般方法流程,以及永磁电机电磁设计和结构设计过程中重要公式,最后以流程图的形式直观地归纳了永磁电机设计的步骤。第三部分介绍了C型铁芯转子永磁直驱风力发电机的结构特点,论述了其发展历程、工作原理。通过精确画图软件pro/e搭建电机的三维模型并导入Ansoft Maxwell 3D有限元仿真软件中完成电磁性能仿真,再通过后处理得出空载、负载工况下电机的性能参数,验证第二章设计参数选取的合理性。第四部分根据C型铁芯电机磁路特点,借助Ansoft Maxwell 3D有限元计算功能,优化C型转子模块的结构参数,得到C型转子模块结构最佳参数,为电机结构优化做了必要准备。最后一部分在磁链守恒的理论基础上结合有限元仿真的方法对C型铁芯转子永磁直驱风力发电机退磁特性进行了深入研究,有限元法相较于磁路法可以更精确的得到永磁体的局部退磁特性,能够从仿真结果得出退磁最严重时刻永磁失磁最严重位置处的磁密分布,即在短路后约半个周期时刻永磁体的外表面失磁最严重,这对于电机设计时的防失磁问题具有一定指导意义。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the energy crisis is becoming more and more serious, environmental pollution and Greenhouse Effect are becoming more and more serious. It is an urgent task to find clean and non-polluting new energy to replace the traditional fossil energy power generation, and wind energy is widely distributed. The total amount of wind power is huge and the use of wind power can achieve pollution-free, so wind power generation has become a hot research topic. The core component of wind power generation is wind turbine, which is divided into two categories: doubly-fed asynchronous type and permanent magnet direct drive type. The maintenance workload is reduced and the stability of wind turbine is improved, so it is regarded as the development trend of wind turbine in the future. However, the electromagnetic suction between stator and rotor of traditional permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine will lead to high torque of tooth slot, difficulty in starting low wind speed, and serious iron loss. In this paper, the C type core rotor stator permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine not only keeps many advantages of the traditional permanent magnet direct drive wind generator, but also eliminates the tooth slot torque and stator core loss of the motor. The structure weight of the motor is reduced, so it has good direct starting performance with low wind speed. With the development of lightweight composite materials with high strength and good fixation, the fixing technology of winding in the coreless motor is more mature, and the coreless motor will certainly have a better development prospect. The first part of this paper introduces the background significance of wind power generation, the classification of modern wind turbines, the current research situation of permanent magnet direct drive wind generators, and focuses on a more comprehensive review of iron-less motors. The traditional iron-less motor is mainly axial structure, but it is not suitable to use axial structure motor in high power situation. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend to study radial structure iron-less motor in the development of large permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine. In this chapter, the general design methods of large radial structure coreless motors are introduced and their parameter ranges are summarized. At last, the topological structure of C type core rotor permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine is described. The second part discusses the general method flow of permanent magnet motor design, and the important formulas in the process of electromagnetic design and structure design of permanent magnet motor. Finally, the steps of permanent magnet motor design are summarized intuitively in the form of flow chart. In the third part, the structure characteristics of C type iron core rotor permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine are introduced, its development course and working principle are discussed. Through accurate drawing software pro/e to build the 3D model of the motor and import the Ansoft Maxwell 3D finite element simulation software to complete the electromagnetic performance simulation, then through the post-processing to obtain the performance parameters of the motor under no-load and load conditions. Verify the rationality of the selection of design parameters in chapter 2. In the fourth part, according to the characteristics of the magnetic circuit of C type iron core motor and with the help of Ansoft Maxwell 3D finite element calculation function, the structural parameters of the C type rotor module are optimized, and the optimum structural parameters of the C type rotor module are obtained, which makes necessary preparations for the structure optimization of the motor. In the last part, based on the theory of flux chain conservation and finite element simulation, the demagnetization characteristics of C type core rotor permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine are studied. Compared with the magnetic circuit method, the finite element method can obtain the local demagnetization characteristics of the permanent magnet more accurately, and can obtain the magnetic density distribution at the most serious time of the demagnetization at the most serious moment of the permanent magnet. That is to say, the loss of magnetic field on the outer surface of permanent magnet is the most serious at about half a period after short circuit, which has certain guiding significance for the problem of magnetic loss prevention in the design of motor.
【学位授予单位】：上海电机学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM315

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