基于电能质量监测系统的智能电网故障定位研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 10:51

本文选题：故障定位 + 电能质量监测　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球能源互联网大概念的提出,确定了电网智能化、全球化的发展方向,对电网电能品质、可靠性、智能化提出了更高的要求。因此在现代智能电网的规划和建设中,要将系统可靠性和电能质量放到重要位置。智能电网其中主要的特征就是电能质量监测装置的广泛安装以及由该系统获得的大量实时现场数据。这使得电能质量监测系统(PowerQuality,PQ)成为与配电网数据采集与监控系统(Distribution Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition,DSCADA)、广域相量测量系统(Phasor Measurement Unit,PMU)、高级量测系统(Advanced Metering Infrastructure,AMI)并驾齐驱的电力系统监测网络。对这些数据所含信息进行分析研究并加以挖掘利用,是近年来电能质量领域发展的趋势。本文将电能质量参数应用到故障定位上来,解决供电可靠性的问题,是对电能质量监测系统数据新应用的一个大胆尝试。本文首先介绍了传统故障定位的方法,主要包括主动式故障定位法和被动式故障定位法,并对他们各自的优缺点进行了总结。从而对后文的故障定位的实现,提供了参考和理论支持。然后对电能质量各参数进行详细的介绍,同时推导出了电压暂降检测方法,并利用LabVIEW对电压暂降信号生成、检测分析。仿真结果证明了 dq分解法对电压暂降检测的有效性和准确性,为后文利用电能质量重要扰动信息—电压暂降幅值进行故障定位提供了可靠的依据。接着为了充分利用电能质量监测系统数据资源,提出了基于电压暂降幅值信息和故障距离分布函数的实用定位算法。首先通过线路参数构建节点阻抗矩阵,再建立监测点电压关于故障距离的分布函数数据库,并且配置电压暂降监测点位置。然后建立测量参数矩阵。当发生故障时,通过建立监测点状态向量,可同时确定故障线路和相应的故障距离,得出相应的故障位置。此方法原理简单实用,不需要迭代计算,计算量小,能够实现实时的故障检测与定位。最后通过MATLAB对一 10节点环状配网系统进行算例分析,最后验证了利用电压暂降幅值信息进行故障定位的有效性。最后本文通过LabVIEW平台开发了具有电压暂降检测和电压暂降源定位功能的电能质量监测系统及在线故障定位装置。本文先从原理上介绍了该装置的硬件构成、电能质量软件构成和故障定位的基本流程。最后通过LabVIEW实现了对各电能质量参数的监测,同时实现了电压暂降源的定位,为暂降责任量化提供了依据;另外该系统实现了故障定位功能,为及时排除故障提供依据。本文只利用了电压暂降的幅值信息,能实现故障点的定位,对于数据的同时性没有要求,并且能够有效利用已有装置,实现构建监测网络和故障定位系统的经济性。同时对电能质量监测系统其他数据资源的挖掘需要更加深入,对于故障定位的通信网络构建及数据传输格式还有待于进一步的探索与研究。
[Abstract]:With the development of the global energy Internet concept, the intelligent power grid and the direction of globalization have been determined, and the power quality, reliability and intelligence of the power grid are higher. Therefore, in the planning and construction of modern smart grid, the system reliability and power quality should be put into an important position. The main features of the smart grid are the main features of the smart grid. It is the extensive installation of the power quality monitoring device and the large amount of real-time field data obtained by the system. This makes the PowerQuality (PQ) as the data acquisition and monitoring system of the distribution network (Distribution Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, DSCADA), and the wide area phasor measurement system (Phasor Measurement) Unit, PMU), advanced measurement system (Advanced Metering Infrastructure, AMI) power system monitoring network. Analysis and exploitation of the information contained in these data is the trend of the development of the power quality field in recent years. In this paper, the power quality parameters are applied to the fault location to solve the reliability of power supply. The problem is a bold attempt at the new application of the data of the power quality monitoring system. This paper first introduces the traditional fault location method, mainly including the active fault location method and the passive fault location method, and summarizes their respective advantages and disadvantages, thus providing the reference and theory for the realization of the later fault location. And then the parameters of the power quality are introduced in detail, and the voltage sags detection method is derived, and the voltage sags signal is generated and analyzed by LabVIEW. The simulation results prove the validity and accuracy of the DQ decomposition method for the voltage sags detection, and the important disturbance information voltage sags are used in the later paper. The amplitude of the fault location provides a reliable basis. Then in order to make full use of the data resources of the power quality monitoring system, a practical location algorithm based on the voltage temporary drop value information and the fault distance distribution function is proposed. First, the node impedance matrix is constructed through the line parameters, and the distribution of the monitoring point voltage on the distribution of the fault distance is established. Function database, and configure the position of voltage sags monitoring point. And then establish the measurement parameter matrix. When the fault occurs, the fault line and the corresponding fault distance can be determined at the same time by establishing the state vector of the monitoring point, and the corresponding fault location can be obtained. This method is simple and practical, does not need iterative calculation, the calculation is small and can be real reality. In the end, the 10 node ring distribution network system is analyzed by MATLAB. Finally, the validity of the fault location is verified by using the voltage temporary drop value information. Finally, the power quality monitoring system with Voltage Sags Detection and voltage sags location function is developed through the LabVIEW platform. In this paper, the hardware structure of the device, the composition of the power quality software and the basic flow of the fault location are introduced in this paper. At last, the monitoring of the parameters of the power quality is realized by LabVIEW, and the location of the voltage sags is realized, and the basis for the temporary duty reduction is provided. In addition, the system is realized. The fault location function provides the basis for the timely elimination of the fault. This paper only uses the amplitude information of voltage sags, can realize the location of the fault point, does not require the data simultaneity, and can effectively use the existing equipment to realize the economy of the construction monitoring network and the fault location system. At the same time to the power quality monitoring system, the other Data mining needs to be deeper. The construction of communication network and data transmission format for fault location need further exploration and research.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM76

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