供需侧调峰方式对电力系统能效影响分析

发布时间：2018-05-19 01:23

本文选题：电力系统 + 供需侧　；参考：《华北电力大学(北京)》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：随着中国经济进入新常态,电力需求放缓,电力增长的空间远低于预期,特别是煤电利用小时数逐年下降。同时,电网调峰能耗与国际先进水平差距较大,当前中国电力系统调峰能耗高,电网调峰的职能与结构依然较为单一,主要是由煤电机组低负荷调峰。可再生能源并网参与调峰比例较低,调峰能效亟待提高。本文根据《关于进一步深化电力体制改革的若干意见》、“互联网+”智慧能源建设中的相关要求,系统地分析了供需侧调峰方式对电力系统能效影响的关键因素,以及实现系统能效提升的途径和方法。实现多类型能源互补优化,使得系统最大限度地开发利用可再生能源与清洁能源、最大幅度地提高系统调峰能效,取得了一些有理论意义和工程实用价值的研究成果。本文主要研究内容和所取得的研究成果如下:(1)煤电两班制与抽水蓄能联合调峰方式优化。煤电机组低负荷调峰期间,脱硝系统通常无法正常投用,已成为区域电网绿色调度急需解决的问题。为此,本文在定性分析抽水蓄能与煤电机组调峰方式对脱硝能效影响的基础上,建立了基于煤电两班制与抽水蓄能联合调峰的区域系统调峰优化模型,以及考虑污染物处理和排放成本的抽水蓄能与煤电机组联合调峰优化模型。与优化前系统调峰方式相比,优化后采用抽水蓄能与煤电机组两班制联合调峰方式,一个日调峰周期内,脱硝、脱硫、烟尘处理成本、碳排放成本和发电总成本均有所降低,因脱硝系统能耗受低负荷调峰运行参数影响更大,故对其成本影响更加明显。文中建立的考虑污染物处理和排放成本的抽水蓄能与火电机组联合调峰优化模型,提高了区域电网调峰经济性和环境效益,证明了模型及方法的合理性和实用性,以及区域系统调峰机组污染物超低排放的可达性。(2)煤电两班制、抽水蓄能与风-光-水电联合调峰节能潜力分析。本文设定在同样满足系统供电可靠性前提下,根据水电机组的运行特性、风电、光伏发电的运行特性,分析了其与煤电机组联合调峰运行的减排机理与计算方法。在可再生能源发电机组、供热机组供热期发电优先权确定的基础上,基于电量置换分析了各区域系统节能减排潜力。此外,煤电发电与可再生能源发电(水电、风电、光伏发电)协同运行,需要充分考虑清洁能源的替代效益、煤电机组的负荷均衡效益及调峰优化收益,以及发电机组空间及时间分布等影响,应充分发挥煤电发电机组的支撑作用。(3)供需侧调峰对系统调峰能效影响定量分析。设定在同样满足系统供电可靠性前提下,基于供需侧调峰优化对系统能效影响,以及系统吸纳可再生能源发电的潜力进行分析研究,以某区域电力系统为例进行实例仿真,论证了供应侧通过煤电机组两班制调峰进行优化,可很大程度的提升煤电机组运行负荷率与系统能效。系统在煤电机组采用两班制调峰运行模式的基础上,增加水电机组参与调峰,则会进一步增加系统运行的灵活性,以及系统吸纳可再生能源发电的潜力,从而不断提升系统能效。上述煤电机组与水电机组联合优化调峰,在确保风电、光伏发电优先入网情况下,几乎不用额外投入成本,只需改变调峰模式。(4)供需侧调峰能效评价方法设计。文中设定在同样满足系统供电可靠性前提下,建立基于熵权属性识别的调峰能效评价体系。采用系统煤耗、煤电机组煤耗、可再生能源并网系数、弃风率和电网负荷率作为系统调峰方案的五大能效评价指标,将属性识别模型和信息论中的信息熵理论结合起来,建立调峰方案的属性空间并进行有序分割,然后利用熵权法确定属性的客观权重区间,采用加权和的方式计算调峰方案的属性测度;最后,按照置信度准则,确定该调峰方案的优劣。保证了评价结果的客观性和准确性。以北方某区域电网为例,选取某典型日为评价对象,应用基于熵权属性识别的调峰能效评价体系对其进行了评价。论证了基于熵权和属性识别模型的调峰综合评价方法在系统调峰决策中是行之有效的。该评价方法能客观地评估各调峰方案的优劣程度,并且使所研究的问题定量化,表明了评价方法的可行性和实用性。(5)尝试性地提出了提高系统供需侧调峰能效的对策建议。在系统能效评价分析的基础上,从供应侧各电源互补运行、供应侧与需求侧协同运行、以及调峰方式与备用容量等辅助服务方面,综合优化分析电源结构问题与负荷结构问题。从系统调峰优化运行、系统能效评价与政府监管的角度,分析并提出相关对策建议。在同样满足系统供电可靠性前提下,本文提出的供需侧调峰方式对系统能效的影响分析,为当前区域电力系统调峰实现节能减排目标,提供有价值的参考方案,同时也为相关对策的出台提供理论指导,不仅具有学术价值,而且对改进电力系统调峰方式,促进电力工业与低碳社会和谐发展具有实践价值。
[Abstract]:With the Chinese economy entering a new normal state, the power demand is slowing down, the space for electric power growth is far lower than expected, especially the number of coal and electricity utilization hours is declining year by year. At the same time, the gap between peak power consumption and the international advanced level is large, the current power system peak regulation energy consumption is high, the function and structure of the power grid peak adjustment is still relatively single, mainly from coal electricity. The unit of low load operation. Renewable energy grid in peak load is relatively low, peak energy efficiency needs to be improved. According to the "on the further deepening of power system reform a number of opinions", "the relevant requirements of the wisdom of the energy construction of Internet plus", systematically analyzes the key factors affecting the supply and demand side load on power system efficiency, As well as the ways and methods to improve the energy efficiency of the system. To realize the complementary optimization of multiple types of energy, make the system develop and utilize the renewable energy and clean energy to the maximum extent, and maximize the energy efficiency of the system peak regulation, and have obtained some research results with theoretical significance and practical value of engineering. The research results are as follows: (1) the combination of coal electricity two shift system and pumped storage peak adjustment mode is optimized. During the low load peak load regulation of coal and electricity units, the denitrification system can not normally be put into use normally. It has become an urgent problem for the green dispatching of the regional power grid. On the basis of this, the optimization model of regional system peak adjustment based on combined coal and electricity two shift and pumped storage peak is set up, and the optimization model of joint peak adjustment of pumped storage and coal and electricity generating set considering the treatment of pollutants and the cost of discharge is considered. The cost of denitrification, desulfurization and soot treatment, the cost of carbon emission and the total cost of power generation are reduced in a daily peak cycle, because the energy consumption of the denitrification system is more affected by the operating parameters of low load peak regulation, so the impact on its cost is more obvious. The peak optimization model has improved the economic and environmental benefits of regional grid peak adjustment, and proved the rationality and practicability of the model and method, as well as the accessibility of the ultra low emission of pollutants in the regional system peak shaving unit. (2) the two class system of coal and electricity, the energy saving potential of the combined peak of pumped storage and wind light hydro power. This paper is set up to satisfy the power supply of the system as well. On the premise of reliability, based on the running characteristics of hydropower units, wind power and photovoltaic power generation, the emission reduction mechanism and calculation method of joint peak operation with coal and electric units are analyzed. On the basis of the determination of the power generation priority of the renewable energy generating set and the heating unit during the heating period, the energy conservation of each regional system is analyzed based on the replacement of electricity. In addition, the cooperative operation of coal-fired power generation and renewable energy generation (hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic power generation) needs to take full consideration of the alternative benefits of clean energy, the load balance benefit of coal and electricity generating set and the optimal return of peak regulation, and the space and time distribution of the generator set should give full play to the supporting role of coal and electricity generating set. (3) The quantitative analysis of the influence of peak peak regulation on the peak energy efficiency of the system is set up on the basis of the same system power supply reliability, based on the effect of peak regulation on the system energy efficiency on the supply and demand side, and the potential of the system to absorb renewable energy. On the basis of the two shift peak running mode of coal and electricity generating set, the system will increase the flexibility of the system operation and the potential of the system to absorb the renewable energy. In order to improve the energy efficiency of the system, the combined optimization and peak regulation of the coal generating set and the hydro generator set, under the condition of ensuring wind power and photovoltaic generation priority, only need to change the mode of peak regulation. (4) the design of the energy efficiency evaluation method of the supply and demand side peak regulation. The system of peak energy efficiency evaluation of entropy weight property identification is five energy efficiency evaluation indexes of system coal consumption, coal power unit coal consumption, renewable energy grid connection coefficient, discarding wind rate and power grid load rate as the system peak regulation scheme, combining the attribute recognition model with information entropy theory in information theory to establish the attribute space of peak adjustment scheme. The objective weight interval of the attribute is determined by entropy weight method, and the attribute measure of the peak adjustment scheme is calculated by the weighted sum method. Finally, according to the confidence criterion, the advantages and disadvantages of the peak adjustment scheme are determined. This evaluation method based on entropy weight and attribute recognition model is effective in the system peak adjustment decision. The evaluation method can objectively evaluate the degree of the advantages and disadvantages of each peak adjustment scheme and make the research problem quantified. The feasibility and practicability of the evaluation method are explained. (5) the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the peak energy efficiency of the supply and demand side of the system. On the basis of the system energy efficiency evaluation and analysis, the comprehensive optimization analysis is made from the complementary operation of the supply side, the coordinated operation of the supply side and the demand side, the mode of peak adjustment and the reserve capacity. Power structure problem and load structure problem. From the angle of system peak adjustment and optimization, system energy efficiency evaluation and government supervision, this paper analyzes and puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions. Under the same premise of satisfying the system power supply reliability, this paper presents the analysis of the system energy efficiency in the supply and demand side peak regulation mode, which is realized for the current regional power system peak adjustment. The goal of energy saving and emission reduction provides a valuable reference scheme and provides theoretical guidance for the introduction of relevant countermeasures, which not only has academic value, but also has practical value for improving the mode of power system peak regulation and promoting the harmonious development of power industry and low carbon society.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM73

【参考文献】