核电专用离心通风机气动设计与优化

发布时间：2018-05-20 05:01

本文选题：离心通风机 + 核电站　；参考：《内蒙古工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：离心通风机是一种重要的流体机械,是日常生产、生活中必不可少的一种通风设备。在核电站中,用于安全壳内大气通风系统的离心通风机主要依靠于进口,并且风机的效率比较低。核电站专用的离心通风机要做到高效、节能、国产化,对其进行开发研制势在必行。主要运用离心通风机现代气动设计方法,选用效率高、噪声低的后向叶轮,根据核级风机的运行参数,初步设计核电专用离心通风机。对初始设计方案使用Gambit软件进行建模、网格划分、边界条件设置,使用FLUENT软件中的RNG k-epsilon湍流模型,SIMPLE算法,多重参考系(MRF)模型进行三维数值模拟。通过分析风机全压、效率以及风机内部流场情况,分别通过修改风机叶片数目、叶片进口角、进口加速系数、叶片出口宽度与蜗壳宽度之比、叶片进出口宽度之比5个参数进行优化。经过优化后发现,当叶片数为16,叶片进口角为25°,进口加速系数为0.66,叶片出口宽度与蜗壳宽度之比为0.4,叶片进出口宽度之比为0.6时,离心通风机效率达到87.74%,全压5328.6Pa,符合设计要求。将最优方案进行样机制作并进行样机的性能测试,测试结果发现,在设计工况下,离心风机的效率可以达到87%以上,对比试验与模拟结果,数值模拟与试验结果符合较好,数值模拟计算结果的效率、全压比实际测试结果略高,这主要是由于:(1)计算中将物理模型进行了简化,与实际制作样机有不同,计算结果与实际测试有偏差;(2)对计算模型划分网格的精度不够高,导致计算结果与实际情况有偏差。所设计的离心通风机效率、全压符合实际中核电站大气安全壳内通风系统的使用要求,效率有望达到一级能效,可以成为自主研发、自主制造的高效节能核级风机,对打破核级风机国外垄断,实现国产化具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal ventilator is a kind of important fluid machinery, it is an essential ventilation equipment in daily production and daily life. In the nuclear power plant, the centrifugal ventilator used in the containment air ventilation system mainly depends on the import, and the efficiency of the fan is relatively low. In order to achieve high efficiency, energy saving and localization of special centrifugal fan for nuclear power plant, it is imperative to develop and develop it. This paper mainly uses the modern pneumatic design method of centrifugal fan, selects the backward impeller with high efficiency and low noise, and according to the operation parameters of nuclear grade fan, preliminarily designs the special centrifugal fan for nuclear power. The initial design scheme is modeled with Gambit software, gridding, boundary condition setting, using simple algorithm of RNG k-epsilon turbulence model in FLUENT software and multi-reference system MRF model for 3D numerical simulation. By analyzing the total pressure, efficiency and flow field of the fan, the ratio of blade number, blade inlet angle, inlet acceleration coefficient, blade outlet width to volute width is revised, respectively. The ratio of blade inlet and outlet width was optimized by 5 parameters. After optimization, it is found that when the number of blades is 16, the blade inlet angle is 25 掳, the inlet acceleration coefficient is 0.66, the ratio of blade outlet width to volute width is 0.4, and the ratio of blade inlet and outlet width is 0.6, the efficiency of centrifugal fan reaches 87.74 and the total pressure is 5328.6 Pa. it meets the design requirements. The optimal scheme is made and the performance of the prototype is tested. The results show that the efficiency of centrifugal fan can reach more than 87% under the design condition. Compared with the results of simulation, the results of numerical simulation and test are in good agreement with each other. The efficiency of the numerical simulation results is slightly higher than that of the actual test results. This is mainly due to the simplification of the physical model in the calculation, which is different from the actual prototype. The accuracy of meshing the calculation model is not high enough, which leads to the deviation between the calculation result and the actual situation. The designed centrifugal fan efficiency, full pressure conforms to the actual nuclear power plant atmosphere containment ventilation system use requirements, the efficiency is expected to reach first class energy efficiency, can become independent research and development, self-made high-efficiency energy-saving nuclear fan, It is of great significance to break the foreign monopoly of nuclear fan and realize the localization.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM623.4

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