低压大功率永磁同步电机控制器研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 19:10

本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 霍尔估算　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人们生活水平的提高,低速微型电动四轮车因其舒适性、便捷性受到越来越多的关注。低压大功率永磁同步电机因具有效率高、损耗小、结构简单的特点,已逐渐取代交流感应电机成为电动车调速系统的重要组成部分。本文以低压大功率永磁同步电机为控制对象,对其控制系统展开研究与设计。介绍了永磁同步电机中不同类型的转子结构。阐述了永磁同步电机在ABC坐标系、αβ坐标系、dq坐标系下的数学模型及其矢量控制方法。针对现有空间矢量脉宽调制技术(SVPWM)算法计算量大的缺点,研究采用了一种改进型SVPWM算法,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了PMSM矢量控制系统的仿真系统模型,仿真和实验结果验证了算法的可行性;为了满足PMSM矢量控制系统对位置角度的要求,讨论了三相开关型霍尔的转子位置估算和基于磁性传感器的转子位置测量两种位置角检测方法;阐述了三相开关型霍尔估算算法中启动起始角给定、应对霍尔安装误差的估算方法、仿真研究对比了平均速度和平均加速度两种估算方法;研究了磁性位置传感器的工作原理、通信协议、永磁同步电机转子绝对0的矫正并在MPLAB/IDE嵌入的DMCI上位机上对比了磁性位置传感器与光电编码器的精度;通过硬件预留和软件预定义的方法,设计了一种可以兼容开关型霍尔估算与新型磁性位置检测的永磁同步电机控制器;针对永磁同步电机使用三相霍尔估算转子初始位置时,因角度误差引起启动电流大的问题,将非线性PI控制运用于低压大功率永磁同步电机控制器中,实验结果表明,永磁同步电机实现了启动无超调。本文从控制硬件成本出发,完成了反激开关电源、多MOSFET并联、电流检测、位置信号接收及MOSFET驱动等硬件电路设计,结合dspic33EP32MC204芯片特点与硬件电路配合完成控制系统软件开发。通过永磁同步电机矢量控制系统实验平台,对控制系统进行测试,测试结果证明了设计的正确性及可靠性。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, low speed miniature electric four-wheeled vehicle is paid more and more attention because of its comfort and convenience. Because of its high efficiency, low loss and simple structure, low-voltage high-power permanent magnet synchronous motor has gradually replaced AC induction motor as an important part of electric vehicle speed regulation system. In this paper, the control system of low-voltage high-power permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is studied and designed. The rotor structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is introduced. The mathematical model and vector control method of permanent magnet synchronous motor in ABC coordinate system, 伪尾 coordinate system and dq coordinate system are described. Aiming at the shortcoming of the existing space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm, an improved SVPWM algorithm is adopted. The simulation system model of the PMSM vector control system is built in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of the algorithm. In order to meet the requirement of position angle of PMSM vector control system, two methods of rotor position estimation of three-phase switch Hall and rotor position measurement based on magnetic sensor are discussed. In this paper, the estimation method of starting angle and Hall installation error in three-phase switching Hall estimation algorithm is described. The average velocity and average acceleration are compared by simulation, and the working principle of magnetic position sensor is studied. In the communication protocol, the rotor absolute 0 of permanent magnet synchronous motor is corrected and the accuracy of the magnetic position sensor and the photoelectric encoder is compared on the DMCI PC embedded in MPLAB/IDE, and the method of hardware reservation and software predefined is used to compare the accuracy of the magnetic position sensor and the photoelectric encoder. This paper designs a permanent magnet synchronous motor controller which can be compatible with switch Hall estimation and new magnetic position detection. When using three-phase Hall to estimate the initial position of the rotor, the starting current of permanent magnet synchronous motor is large due to angle error. The nonlinear Pi control is applied to the low voltage high power permanent magnet synchronous motor controller. The experimental results show that the permanent magnet synchronous motor can start without overshoot. In this paper, the hardware circuit design of flyback switching power supply, multiple MOSFET parallel connection, current detection, position signal receiving and MOSFET driver is completed from the view of controlling hardware cost. The software development of control system is completed by combining the characteristics of dspic33EP32MC204 chip with hardware circuit. The control system is tested by the vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The test results prove the correctness and reliability of the design.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;TP273

【参考文献】