变频器电流传感器故障诊断与容错控制

发布时间：2018-05-25 21:20

本文选题：感应电机 + 故障诊断　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：感应电机因其坚固耐用及价格低廉的优势,在工业传动等领域应用十分广泛。其控制系统的容错性能关系到生产效率与财产安全,因此也逐渐成为近年来研究的热点问题。传感器作为控制系统中的精密敏感器件,其故障诊断与容错控制的研究对感应电机控制系统意义重大。针对无速度传感器模式下的电流传感器故障诊断,提出了一种基于坐标变换的故障诊断方法。利用Clark变换中输入输出电流的特殊对应关系,可判定电流传感器单相故障或是双相故障。Clark变换中的?轴通常定位在a轴,经过逆时针旋转120°可定位在b轴上,不同的定位方式可定位不同相传感器的故障。逆Park变换构建的观测器与不同定位方式的Clark变换值作差,通过差值来判定电流传感器的故障。此诊断方法计算量很小,且诊断准确。针对无速度传感器模式下的电流传感器容错控制,提出了以转子磁链与定子磁链为状态变量的全阶观测器,降低了故障电流对全阶观测器稳定性的影响,更利于对电流传感器故障的容错控制。合理构建李雅普诺夫方程,依据李雅普诺夫稳定性定理,推导出转速自适应律。给出了全阶观测器的欧拉法离散化与梯形法离散化方法。在梯形法中加入预测项,消除了其中的隐式方程,减少了梯形法的计算量,便于梯形法在高速控制系统的应用。针对故障相的电流采样值缺失,提出一种全新的缺项电流补偿方法,即全阶观测器的估计值加上基于稳态自适应律的补偿值,来代替故障的电流传感器采样值。利用延时最大值补偿法解决了稳态自适应律的电流补偿法中的数据溢出与转速变化难题。在此基础上提出了单电流无速度传感器矢量控制系统。在基于ARM的2.2k W的感应电机对拖实验平台,验证了提出的电流传感器故障诊断与容错控制方案。实验结果表明故障诊断策略诊断准确,抗干扰能力强。本文提出的单电流无速度传感器在全速范围内带载稳定,电流正弦度良好,转速平稳,可作为速度传感器及电流传感器故障后的容错控制策略。
[Abstract]:Induction motor is widely used in industrial transmission field because of its strong durability and low price. The fault-tolerant performance of its control system is related to production efficiency and property safety, so it has gradually become a hot issue in recent years. As a precision sensitive device in control system, the research of sensor fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control is of great significance to the control system of induction motor. A fault diagnosis method based on coordinate transformation is proposed for current sensor fault diagnosis in speed sensorless mode. By using the special relation of input and output current in Clark transform, the single-phase fault or two-phase fault of current sensor can be determined. Clark transform? The axis is usually located on axis a, and can be located on axis b by 120 掳counterclockwise rotation. Different positioning methods can locate the faults of different phase sensors. The observer constructed by inverse Park transform is different from the value of Clark transform in different positioning mode, and the fault of current sensor is determined by the difference value. The calculation of this diagnostic method is very small and the diagnosis is accurate. Aiming at the fault tolerant control of current sensor in speed sensorless mode, a full order observer with rotor flux and stator flux as state variables is proposed, which reduces the effect of fault current on the stability of the full order observer. It is more favorable to fault tolerant control of current sensor fault. According to Lyapunov stability theorem, the adaptive law of rotational speed is deduced. The discretization of Euler method and trapezoidal method for full order observer are presented. The prediction term is added to the trapezoidal method, which eliminates the implicit equation, reduces the calculation of the trapezoidal method, and facilitates the application of the trapezoidal method in the high-speed control system. A novel compensation method for fault phase current sampling is proposed, that is, the estimation of the full order observer and the compensation value based on the steady-state adaptive law to replace the sampling value of the fault current sensor. The problem of data overflow and speed change in the current compensation method of steady-state adaptive law is solved by using the maximum delay compensation method. Based on this, a single current sensorless vector control system is proposed. The proposed current sensor fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control scheme is verified on the 2.2kW induction motor pair towing experimental platform based on ARM. The experimental results show that the fault diagnosis strategy is accurate and the ability of anti-interference is strong. In this paper, the single current velocity-free sensor has the advantages of stable load, good sinusoidal current and stable rotational speed in the full speed range. It can be used as a fault tolerant control strategy for speed sensor and current sensor.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM346;TP212

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