基于超级电容器的储能系统控制策略的研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 06:47

本文选题：超级电容器 + 电压均衡策略　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年来,对于可再生能源的发展与研究已逐渐成为能源市场的焦点,这种可以循环利用、无污染的清洁能源正在不断的被投入到更多的应用当中。随着混合动力车辆与电动汽车的普及,超级电容器正在得到越来越广泛的运用。超级电容器有着容量大、充放电速率快等诸多优点,现如今针对基于超级电容器的储能系统的研究与开发已经作为能源利用方面的一个重要选择。本文首先对超级电容器的基本工作原理、几种常用的数学模型、工作过程中的充放电特性以及其储能阵列的优化设计等进行详细分析。单个的超级电容器耐压普遍较低,因此在实际应用中经常将若干个超级电容器进行串并联组合构成超级电容器模组。由于每个超级电容器本身的电容量、等效串联阻抗(ESR)、漏电流等参数存在差异,若不通过一定的电压均衡策略与放电电压控制策略进行控制,则会导致各电容之间的升压速率不同,从而影响整个储能系统的工作效率,同时还会降低超级电容器的寿命。因此,在实际应用中通常会对超级电容器模组采取一定的均压与稳压措施。均压策略主要分为能耗型均压与回馈型均压,其中包括开关电阻法、稳压管法与DC-DC变换器法等。本文在第三章中首先对上述提到的几种方法进行仿真分析并阐明优缺点,而后在DC-DC变换器法的电路上提出一种改进方案并仿真,在实现能量循环的同时在均压用时、能量损耗评估等多个方面与前面几种方法进行比较。超级电容器组在正常工作时端电压会不断变化,针对这种情况通常在负载与超级电容器之间配置双向直流变换器以达到恒压放电或是恒功率放电等。本文在第四章中针对选用的双向直流变换器拓扑建立了数学模型,分析了其几种工作模式以及推导了小信号传递函数,并通过Matlab进行仿真,验证了该方案的可行性与稳定性。最后,以Infineon公司的XC886作为主控芯片,结合若干超级电容器搭建了储能系统的实验平台,对超级电容器组进行充放电实验,验证了超级电容器的工作特性,保证了储能系统的可靠性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development and research of renewable energy has gradually become the focus of the energy market, which can be recycled, pollution-free clean energy is being put into more and more applications. With the popularity of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, supercapacitors are becoming more and more widely used. Supercapacitors have many advantages, such as large capacity, high charge / discharge rate and so on. Nowadays, the research and development of energy storage system based on supercapacitors has become an important choice in energy utilization. In this paper, the basic working principle of supercapacitors, several commonly used mathematical models, the charge-discharge characteristics of supercapacitors and the optimal design of their energy storage arrays are analyzed in detail. Because of the low voltage resistance of a single supercapacitor, several supercapacitors are often combined in series and parallel to form supercapacitor modules in practical applications. Because of the difference of capacitance, equivalent series impedance, leakage current and other parameters of each supercapacitor, if not controlled by certain voltage equalization strategy and discharge voltage control strategy, The efficiency of the whole energy storage system will be affected and the life of the supercapacitor will be reduced. Therefore, in practical application, some voltage balancing and voltage stabilizing measures are usually adopted for supercapacitor modules. The voltage equalization strategy is mainly divided into energy consumption voltage equalization and feedback voltage sharing, including switching resistance method, voltage stabilizer method and DC-DC converter method. In the third chapter, the methods mentioned above are simulated and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages are illustrated. Then, an improved scheme is proposed on the circuit of DC-DC converter method, which realizes the energy cycle and uses voltage equalization at the same time. Energy loss assessment and other aspects are compared with the previous methods. The terminal voltage of supercapacitor banks changes continuously during normal operation. In order to achieve constant voltage discharge or constant power discharge, bidirectional DC converters are usually arranged between load and supercapacitor. In the fourth chapter, a mathematical model is established for the selected bi-directional DC converter topology. Several working modes and small signal transfer functions are analyzed and simulated by Matlab to verify the feasibility and stability of the scheme. Finally, taking XC886 of Infineon Company as the main control chip and combining with several supercapacitors to build the experimental platform of the energy storage system, the charging and discharging experiments of the supercapacitor banks are carried out, and the working characteristics of the supercapacitors are verified. The reliability of energy storage system is guaranteed.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM53

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