电动车压缩机永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 17:42

本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 无位置传感器　；参考：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于永磁同步电机有着损耗小、效率高、结构简单等优点,所以其应用面越来越广,其中一个重要的应用方面便是驱动电动汽车空调压缩机,但永磁电机中检测转子位置和速度的各种中传感器无法安装于电动汽车空调压缩机系统中,为了克服传感器给调速系统适用场合带来的局限性,本文针对电动车空调压缩机控制系统提出了基于高频旋转电压注入法和模型参考自适应的无位置传感器控制方法。首先,本文对永磁同步电机的数学模型进行建立,并介绍了永磁同步电机矢量控制的基本方法,对空间矢量脉宽调制方法进行了分析,对基于SVPWM的永磁同步电机双闭环矢量控制系统进行了仿真分析。然后,在矢量控制的基础上,对永磁同步电机无位置传感器技术进行详细研究。针对一些永磁电机呈现的凸极性,提出了基于高频旋转电压注入法的无位置传感器控制系统,设计了基于巴特沃斯滤波器和锁相环技术的转速观测器。先对高频旋转电压注入法原理进行了基本的分析,然后对注入高频电流信号的分离,负序电流的提取以及转子位置和速度信息的获得进行了详细的论述。对基于高频旋转电压信号注入法的永磁同步电机无传感器控制系统进行搭建,进行了仿真分析验证。由实验结果分析可得,高频旋转电压注入法可以较为准确的估算出电机转子的位置与速度信息,并使系统有较好的稳定性,可以应用于电动汽车空调压缩机中。最后,针对凸极结构不明显的永磁同步电机,因无法精确提取高频注入法中的高频分量,提出了基于模型参考自适应(MRAS)的无位置传感器控制方法。建立了电流参考模型与可调模型,将两模型输出的差经过自适应机构和合适的自适应律来实时调节可调模型中的参数,从而实现电机的转速和位置的参数辨识,并对系统进行了仿真研究和结果分析,表明基于模型参考自适应(MRAS)的永磁同步电动机无传感器控制方法有良好的电机参数辨识和动静态效果。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has many advantages, such as low loss, high efficiency, simple structure and so on. However, in order to overcome the limitation that sensors bring to speed control system, sensors in permanent magnet motor can not be installed in air conditioning compressor system of electric vehicle. In this paper, a sensorless control method based on high frequency rotation voltage injection and model reference adaptive control is proposed for the control system of electric vehicle air conditioning compressor. Firstly, the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is established, and the basic method of PMSM vector control is introduced, and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method is analyzed. The double closed loop vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on SVPWM is simulated and analyzed. Then, on the basis of vector control, the position sensorless technology of PMSM is studied in detail. Aiming at the convex polarity of some permanent magnet motors, a sensorless position sensorless control system based on high frequency rotating voltage injection method is proposed, and a speed observer based on Butterworth filter and phase-locked loop technology is designed. The principle of high frequency rotating voltage injection method is analyzed, and then the separation of high frequency current signal, the extraction of negative sequence current and the acquisition of rotor position and velocity information are discussed in detail. The sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on high frequency rotating voltage signal injection method is built and simulated. From the analysis of the experimental results, it can be obtained that the high frequency rotating voltage injection method can accurately estimate the position and speed information of the motor rotor, and make the system have better stability, and can be applied to the electric vehicle air conditioning compressor. Finally, a sensorless control method based on model reference adaptive control (MRASA) is proposed for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a salient pole structure which can not accurately extract the high-frequency components from the high-frequency injection method. The current reference model and the adjustable model are established. The output difference between the two models is adjusted by the adaptive mechanism and the appropriate adaptive law to adjust the parameters of the adjustable model in real time, so as to realize the parameter identification of the speed and position of the motor. The simulation results show that the sensorless control method of PMSM based on model reference adaptive control (MRAS) has good motor parameter identification and dynamic and static effect.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;U469.72

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