基于摩擦起电效应的水流能量收集与振动传感器件研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 20:16

本文选题：摩擦纳米发电机 + 水流能量收集　；参考：《北京科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：摩擦起电现象在我们的日常生活中处处可见,近期由于美国佐治亚理工学院的王中林教授小组发明的摩擦纳米发电机而备受关注。本论文在收集水流相关的清洁能源方面做了系统的研究,设计和构建了多种器件包括透明摩擦纳米发电机、透明多机组摩擦纳米发电机以及柔性和管状多机组摩擦纳米发电机。本论文还研究了摩擦纳米发电机作为自驱动传感器方面的性能,从单个型振动传感器到阵列式振动传感器都作了系统的研究。本论文还将摩擦纳米发电机与瞬态电子的概念结合发展出可溶解、可循环的绿色摩擦纳米发电机。本文的研究工作主要包括以下几点:设计和构建了一种基于玻璃的高度透明摩擦纳米发电机以收集水流相关能量,其工作模式为单电极模式。由于聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜发挥了增透膜的作用,发电机的最高透明度达到87.4%,高于玻璃基底的透明度。当连接一个阻值为0.5 MΩ的负载时,发电机的输出功率密度最大,达到了 11.56 mW/cm2。发展了一种透明多机组摩擦纳米发电机。透明多机组摩擦纳米发电机的输出功率密度为27.86 mW/m2,相比于具有相同工作面积的一个单元的发电机增加了10.6倍,这是由于多机组的结构促进了电荷的分离和转移。此外,透明多机组摩擦纳米发电机还可以提高其抵抗损伤和失效的能力。考虑到未来的应用,水的温度和pH对发电机的输出的影响进行了系统的考察。进一步构建了柔性、管状摩擦发电机。当水流量为35 ml/s,多机组摩擦纳米发电机的输出功率密度达到0.07 W/m2。系统考察了水流量、水的下降高度以及倾斜角度对发电机输出的影响。探索了发电机输出的控制方式。通过与水龙头集成展示了发电机具有持续提供清洁能源的应用。设计了一种基于摩擦发电机的双模式自驱动振动传感器,以传感器与被探测物的摩擦起电效应为工作基础,具有接触和非接触两种工作模式,其中非接触模式使被探测物体免于机械损伤或化学损伤,可以最大限度的保护被探测物及其运行。最大探测范围可以达到500 Hz,精度高,相对误差在0.5%以下,稳定性好。进一步地在单个型传感器的基础上发展的阵列式振动传感器系统具有多通道运行的能力,可实现对多个物体的多个振动参数的监测,包括振动开-关态、振动的加载过程、振动频率、振动幅度。阵列式振动传感器系统可记录长时间的输出信号,可分析得到一定历史时间内各单元的振动状态,为分析各时间窗口内的工作状态提供依据。设计和构建了一种快速溶解、可循环绿色摩擦纳米发电机。发电机的组成部分都是水溶性的或者可以被水触发的连续反应所溶解。整个器件一旦暴露于水中会在几分钟之内快速分解和完全地消失。发电机溶解之后的溶液可以被用来重新制备器件,实现了零废物排放的目的。绿色摩擦纳米发电机可以有效地从环境中收集机械能,还可以作为可清除的自驱动运动传感器监测运动。绿色可循环摩擦纳米发电机在为医疗植入设备、环境监测设备以及安全电子设备提供可靠能源方面是一种有前景的解决方案。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of friction lifting is seen everywhere in our daily life. Recently, the friction nanoscale generator developed by Professor Wang Zhonglin of Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States has attracted much attention. This paper has made a systematic study on the collection of clean energy related to water flow, designed and constructed a variety of devices including transparent friction nano hair. Motor, transparent multi unit friction nanoscale generator and flexible and tubular multi unit friction nanoscale generator. This paper also studies the performance of friction nanoscale as self actuated sensor. The system has been studied from single type vibration sensor to array type vibration sensor. The concept of state electrons is combined with the development of soluble, recyclable green friction nanoscale generators. This paper mainly includes the following points: a highly transparent friction nanoscale based on glass is designed and constructed to collect water related energy, and its working mode is a single electrode mode. PTFE Bo Mofa The maximum transparency of the generator is 87.4%, higher than the transparency of the glass substrate. When the load is connected to a load of 0.5 M Omega, the output power density of the generator is maximum, and the output power of a transparent multi unit friction nanoscale generator is developed by 11.56 mW/cm2.. The rate density is 27.86 mW/m2, which is 10.6 times higher than that of a unit with the same working area. This is because the structure of the multi unit promotes the separation and transfer of the charge. In addition, the transparent multi unit friction nanoscale can also improve its ability to resist damage and failure. Considering future applications, water temperature and pH The effect of the output of the generator was systematically investigated. The flexible, tubular friction generator was further constructed. When the water flow rate was 35 ml/s, the output power density of the multi unit friction nanoscale generator reached 0.07 W/m2. system, the water flow, the water drop height and the influence of the tilt angle on the generator output were investigated. The generator was explored. The output control mode. By integrating with the faucet, the generator has the application of continuous supply of clean energy. A dual mode self driving vibration sensor based on the friction generator is designed, which is based on the friction starting effect of the sensor and the detected object, and has two modes of contact and non contact, in which the contact is non contact. The mode makes the detected object free from mechanical damage or chemical damage, and can maximize the protection of the detected objects and their operation. The maximum detection range can reach 500 Hz, the precision is high, the relative error is less than 0.5%, and the stability is good. It can monitor multiple vibration parameters of multiple objects, including vibration opening and closing state, vibration loading process, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude. The array type vibration sensor system can record long time output signals and analyze the vibration state of each unit in a certain period of time, in order to analyze the work in each time window. A fast dissolving, recyclable green friction nanoscale is designed and constructed. The components of the generator are dissolved in water or can be dissolved by water triggered by a continuous reaction. Once the whole device is exposed to water, it will quickly decompose and disappear completely in a few minutes. The liquid can be used to reprepare the device to achieve zero waste emissions. Green friction nanoscale can effectively collect mechanical energy from the environment and can be used as a remoavable self driving motion sensor monitoring motion. Green cyclic friction nanoscale is used for medical treatment implant equipment, environmental monitoring equipment and safety electricity. The subdevice is a promising solution for providing reliable energy.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM31

【相似文献】