基于观测器的永磁同步电机失磁故障容错控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 01:38

本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 失磁故障　；参考：《湖南工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：永磁同步电机作为现代传动中机电能量转换的核心部件,在工业生产领域凭借其优异的性能,已占据着举足轻重的地位。近年来,随着自动化领域的迅速发展,其对永磁同步电机的可靠性及伺服系统性能也提出了越来越高的要求。与电励磁电机相比,永磁同步电机最大的问题在于永磁体材料存在失磁风险,这一问题也极大地限制了永磁同步电机的应用范围。另外,采用基于坐标变换的PID调节方式在高性能伺服系统中难以达到所需要的电流环动态性能。因此,本文以提高伺服系统性能及可靠性为目标,在电流环控制基础上,主要研究永磁同步电机失磁故障容错控制。本文的研究内容如下:针对永磁同步电机失磁问题,提出了基于有效磁链概念的容错控制方法。首先分析了永磁体失磁对电流控制的影响。然后,在静止坐标系中以定子电流为状态变量,设计了基于滑模变结构的观测器,根据滑模变结构等值控制原理,构建了动态监测有效磁链的算式。最后,根据当前电机运行状况和有效磁链的观测值,通过无差拍控制策略实现了有效磁链的误差消除,从而达到容错控制的目的。该方法实现了对永磁体磁损或失磁及时有效的控制。针对永磁同步电机失磁故障导致牵引系统带负载能力降低的问题,提出一种基于磁链在线检测容错预测控制算法。首先,根据永磁同步电机预测控制模型,详细分析了永磁体发生失磁故障对电流控制和电机运行状态的影响。然后,设计了基于滑模变结构的观测器,利用滑模变结构等值控制原理,建立了实时估计永磁体磁链算式。通过永磁体磁链算式,进而计算状态电流观测值。最后,提出了永磁同步电机的容错预测控制算法。该算法将状态电流观测值作为反馈量输入到容错预测控制器中,以使响应电流准确跟踪给定电流,从而达到容错控制目的。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), as the core part of electromechanical energy conversion in modern transmission, has played an important role in industrial production due to its excellent performance. In recent years, with the rapid development of automation, the reliability and servo system performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are required more and more. Compared with the electric excitation motor, the biggest problem of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is that the permanent magnet material has the risk of losing magnetic field, which also greatly limits the application scope of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. In addition, it is difficult to achieve the required dynamic performance of the current loop in the high performance servo system by using the coordinate transform based PID regulation. Therefore, aiming at improving the performance and reliability of the servo system, the fault tolerant control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is mainly studied on the basis of current loop control. The main contents of this paper are as follows: a fault tolerant control method based on the concept of effective flux linkage is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Firstly, the effect of permanent magnet loss on current control is analyzed. Then, the observer based on sliding mode variable structure is designed in the static coordinate system with stator current as the state variable. According to the principle of sliding mode variable structure equivalent control, the calculation formula of dynamic monitoring effective flux is constructed. Finally, according to the current motor running condition and the observed value of the effective flux chain, the error elimination of the effective flux chain is realized by using the deadbeat control strategy, thus achieving the purpose of fault-tolerant control. This method can effectively control permanent magnet's magnetic loss or loss of magnetic field in time. A fault tolerant predictive control algorithm based on on-line flux detection is proposed to solve the problem that the load capacity of traction system is reduced due to the failure of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Firstly, according to the predictive control model of PMSM, the influence of the failure of permanent magnet on current control and motor operation is analyzed in detail. Then, the observer based on sliding mode variable structure is designed, and the flux calculation formula of real time estimation permanent magnet is established by using sliding mode variable structure equivalent control principle. The state current observation value is calculated by the flux chain formula of permanent magnet. Finally, a fault-tolerant predictive control algorithm for PMSM is proposed. In this algorithm, the state current observations are input into the fault-tolerant predictive controller as feedbacks, so that the response current can accurately track the given current and thus achieve the purpose of fault-tolerant control.
【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341

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