基于模型设计的异步电机实时仿真系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 23:15

本文选题：异步电机 + 模型设计　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：异步电机的高效性能在调速领域得到广泛应用,利用无速度传感器和参数辨识控制技术能够确保异步调速系统的稳定性和精确性,节省运行成本。将模型设计思想引入电机控制中,可以提高系统开发效率,并能以图形化模型和友好化界面高效地实现对算法的调整测试和电机的实时监测控制。本文首先介绍了异步电动机的数学模型和空间矢量控制的工作原理,其次对无速度传感器电机控制系统进行了研究,建立了基于模型参考自适应(MRAS)的参数辨识模型。在传统转子磁链电压和电流模型对转速估测算法的基础之上,添加对定子电阻的同时辨识,实现参考模型和可调模型交替互换的双参数辨识结构,以改善电机的辨识性能。并且针对转子磁链电压模型纯积分环节存在的积分初值、直流偏置和一阶滤波器替代积分器方式所带来的相位和幅值偏移问题,对电压模型进行正交反馈改进,补偿其固有缺陷。除此,结合人工神经网络算法,将原有MRAS可调模型以线性神经元结构替代,自适应规律引入在线学习算法,提出了转子时间常数的神经网络自适应机构,以提高其控制精度。利用软件对无速度传感器异步电机参数辨识矢量控制系统进行仿真研究,分析验证了其可行性。在理论分析的基础上,根据模型设计方法,在MATLAB/Simulink环境将原有纯软件连续系统仿真改进为DSP控制器所支持的离散化控制算法模型,将控制器各处理单元模块细化并取代电机作为虚拟控制对象,通过外部接口匹配与寄存器地址和映射关系配置,搭建了半实物仿真模型。通过对实时工作空间(RTW)进行扩展,可以实现从Simulink模型到控制器实时硬件代码的自动下载,同时利用通信端口完成上位机与控制器的数据交互,借助GUI环境设计了电机监测界面,可实时对电机运行状态和参数波形在线观测并发送控制指令,由此建立了电机实时仿真软硬件工作平台。最后,在硬件电路设计的基础上对整体实时控制平台进行实验调试,通过实验分析,本平台能够在MATLAB环境集模型搭建、代码自动生成、在线观测和实时控制于一体,有较高的开发效率和良好的可行性。
[Abstract]:The high efficiency performance of asynchronous motor is widely used in the field of speed regulation. The speed sensorless and parameter identification control technology can ensure the stability and accuracy of the asynchronous speed regulation system and save the running cost. Introducing the model design idea into motor control can improve the efficiency of system development and realize the adjustment and testing of the algorithm and the real-time monitoring control of the motor efficiently with graphical model and friendly interface. In this paper, the mathematical model of asynchronous motor and the working principle of space vector control are introduced. Secondly, the speed sensorless motor control system is studied, and the parameter identification model based on model reference adaptive control (MRASS) is established. On the basis of the traditional rotor flux voltage and current model to estimate the rotational speed, the stator resistance is identified at the same time, and the two-parameter identification structure of the reference model and adjustable model is realized alternately, so as to improve the identification performance of the motor. In order to solve the problem of phase and amplitude offset caused by the pure integral of rotor flux voltage model, DC bias and first-order filter instead of integrator, the voltage model is improved by quadrature feedback. Compensate for its inherent defects. In addition, combining with the artificial neural network algorithm, the original MRAS adjustable model is replaced by the linear neuron structure, and the adaptive law is introduced into the on-line learning algorithm, and a neural network adaptive mechanism with rotor time constant is proposed to improve its control accuracy. The parameter identification vector control system of speed sensorless asynchronous motor is simulated by software, and its feasibility is verified. On the basis of theoretical analysis, according to the method of model design, the simulation of pure software continuous system in MATLAB/Simulink environment is improved to discrete control algorithm model supported by DSP controller. The processor modules of the controller are refined and replaced by the motor as the virtual control object. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation model is built by matching the external interface with the register address and mapping relation. By extending the real-time workspace, the real-time hardware code can be automatically downloaded from the Simulink model to the controller. At the same time, the communication port is used to complete the data exchange between the host computer and the controller, and the motor monitoring interface is designed with the help of the GUI environment. The real-time operating state and parameter waveform of the motor can be observed online and the control command can be sent. The hardware and software working platform of the real-time simulation of the motor is established. Finally, on the basis of hardware circuit design, the whole real-time control platform is debugged. Through experimental analysis, the platform can be set up in MATLAB environment model, code generation automatically, on-line observation and real-time control in one. Have high development efficiency and good feasibility.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM343

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