基于自混合干涉技术的减速电机故障诊断

发布时间：2018-06-02 03:33

本文选题：减速电机 + 故障诊断　；参考：《东北石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：减速电机广泛应用于工业生产中,传统的减速电机故障诊断方法都是使用加速度传感器采集振动信号进行分析处理。将加速度传感器固定在减速电机上进行检测,这种接触式测量方法会直接影响所采集到的信号准确性。若使用强磁铁将加速度传感器吸附在减速电机上进行故障监测,则可能会引起减速电机的偏轴故障,影响故障检测结果。若使用粘性材料将加速度传感器粘附在减速电机上,则会腐蚀减速电机外表面,并且所适用的频率范围也会变化,故障诊断结果的准确性就会大大降低。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种使用激光自混合干涉技术进行故障信息采集的方法。这种方法具有非接触测量的优点,并且能够大大提高故障信号的分辨率,对振动异常信号特别敏感。使用激光自混合干涉技术设计出的检测平台不仅能够取代加速度传感器,同时还具有体积小、成本低、使用寿命长、抗干扰能力强、非接触测量等优点。本文研究的主要内容有以下几个方面:首先详细阐述了激光自混合测量振动信号的原理,说明这一技术在采集振动信号时的不同参数对波形的影响,并通过实验对不同参数的振动信号使用激光自混合干涉技术进行采集并分析,对自混合干涉测振理论进行了实验验证。研究小波变换的原理,提出了基于小波变换的改进阈值函数算法,有效解决硬阈值函数在阈值λ处不具备连续性及软阈值函数的导数不连续问题,并且能够更适用于对减速电机故障振动信号的分析。研究分析减速电机各种故障类型,分析各种故障类型的产生机理,得到各故障类型的故障特征频率,便于下一步的实验验证。设计并搭建减速电机自混合干涉实验平台系统,对减速电机各种故障进行采集分析。使用基于小波变换的改进阈值函数算法处理各项故障信号数据,判断各个数据所属故障类型,得到的结果与理论值进行对比,最终得出使用激光自混合干涉技术对减速电机的故障诊断的有效性。
[Abstract]:Deceleration motor is widely used in industrial production. The traditional fault diagnosis method of deceleration motor is to use acceleration sensor to collect vibration signal for analysis and processing. When the acceleration sensor is fixed on the deceleration motor to detect, this contact measurement method will directly affect the accuracy of the collected signal. If a strong magnet is used to adsorb the acceleration sensor on the deceleration motor for fault monitoring, it may lead to the fault of the shaft of the deceleration motor and affect the fault detection result. If the acceleration sensor is adhered to the deceleration motor by viscous material, the external surface of the motor will be corroded, and the applicable frequency range will change, and the accuracy of the fault diagnosis result will be greatly reduced. In order to solve these problems, a method of fault information acquisition using laser self-mixing interferometry is proposed in this paper. This method has the advantages of non-contact measurement and can greatly improve the resolution of fault signals and is particularly sensitive to abnormal vibration signals. The platform designed by laser self-mixing interferometry can not only replace the acceleration sensor, but also has the advantages of small volume, low cost, long service life, strong anti-interference ability, non-contact measurement and so on. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the principle of laser self-mixing measurement of vibration signal is described in detail, and the influence of different parameters of this technique on the waveform is explained. The vibration signals with different parameters are collected and analyzed by laser self-mixing interferometry, and the theory of self-mixing interferometry is verified experimentally. In this paper, the principle of wavelet transform is studied, and an improved threshold function algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed, which can effectively solve the problems of hard threshold function without continuity at threshold 位 and the derivative discontinuity of soft threshold function. And it can be more suitable for the analysis of fault vibration signal of deceleration motor. All kinds of fault types of deceleration motor are analyzed and the mechanism of each fault type is analyzed. The fault characteristic frequency of each fault type is obtained which is convenient for the next step of experiment verification. Design and build deceleration motor self-mixing interference experiment system to collect and analyze all kinds of faults of deceleration motor. The improved threshold function algorithm based on wavelet transform is used to deal with the fault signal data, and the results obtained are compared with the theoretical values. Finally, the effectiveness of laser self-mixing interferometry for fault diagnosis of decelerating motor is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM307

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