水电站水机电系统耦联特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 20:23

本文选题：水电站 + 水轮机　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：引水系统、水力系统以及电气系统是水电站水力发电系统的三个重要组成部分,各系统间通过内变量的耦联形成包含不同物理特征的复杂非线性动力系统,其内部耦联特性和动力学响应机制直接影响水力发电系统的稳定性和机组暂态运行的调节品质,对系统的运行安全具有重要理论和工程意义。本论文结合国家自然科学基金重点项目"水电站的水机电耦合研究"(编号:50839003)开展了水机电耦合问题的理论描述、建模理论、计算方法以及稳定性控制等方面的系统研究,取得了完整且具有创新的理论成果。主要研究内容和成果如下。(1)研究了复杂引水系统基于刚性水击、弹性水击和耦合水击模型的理论描述和动态特征建模,建立了包括隧洞动态、调压井动态、压力钢管动态以及水轮机动态的复杂水力系统耦联的控制方程,提出了基于系统内特性关联的非线性水轮机模型。通过复杂水力系统特性分析,引入系统动态方程,并对系统动态方程进行扩展和模型有效性对比分析,建立了描述带岔管的一管多机系统机组间相互水力干扰的动态模型及水力解耦的分析方法,实现了水电站隧洞-调压井-压力钢管(主管+岔管)-水轮机系统的多机耦联的理论建模和暂态分析。(2)研究了水电站引水系统、水轮发电系统以及调速控制系统之间存在的内部耦联关系,并在哈密顿理论的统一框架下建模,构造了水机电系统的哈密顿函数,以哈密顿函数表征不同子系统间的能量输运关系,建立了复杂水力系统水机电耦联的理论模型。通过表征系统特征的结构矩阵和阻尼矩阵描述了各系统间变量的耦联关系和动力学特征,提出了各子系统间内部参数耦联的暂态分析方法,揭示了水力发电系统暂态过程与电力负荷扰动的关联机制和系统间动力学效应的输运机理。(3)研究了基于耦合水击模型的水机电耦联理论和建模方法,建立了基于耦合水击模型的水机电耦联模型,提出了基于水轮机综合模型特性曲线的耦联暂态分析方法。根据电力负荷变化特性,模型中的活动导叶和调速控制系统将以水轮机综合特性曲线为依据,自动跟踪电力负荷的变化特性,迭代完成水机电系统的暂态响应过程,获得各变量的暂态时程。数值算例表明,建立的理论模型和提出的计算方法能很好地反映水力发电系统暂态过程中各系统间的耦合动力学效应,并能有效预测暂态过程中各系统的参数变化量及变化规律。(4)研究了水电站水机电系统耦合作用下的稳定性及控制问题,基于系统的哈密顿函数构造了系统的Lyapunov函数,设计了给定输出条件下的镇定控制器。提出了基于哈密顿水机电耦合模型的结构矩阵注入修改、阻尼矩阵注入修改的控制原理和策略,设计了相应的控制器,实现了活动导叶对系统功率调节和频率调节的跟踪控制。仿真算例表明,提出的控制理论和方法能有效稳定系统的暂态振荡。
[Abstract]:The water diversion system, the hydraulic system and the electrical system are three important components of the hydroelectric power system of the hydropower station. Each system is coupled through the internal variables to form a complex nonlinear dynamic system containing different physical characteristics. The internal coupling characteristics and dynamic response mechanism directly affect the stability of the hydroelectric power system and the temporary generating unit. The regulation quality of state operation has important theoretical and engineering significance for the safety of the system. In this paper, the theoretical description, the modeling theory, the calculation method and the stability control of the water and electrical coupling problem are carried out in combination with the key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of the National Natural Science Fund "water and electricity coupling research of hydropower station" (number: 50839003). Complete and innovative theoretical results are obtained. The main research contents and results are as follows. (1) the theoretical description and dynamic characteristics modeling of the complex water diversion system based on rigid water hammer, elastic water hammer and coupled water hammer model are studied. The complex water including tunnel dynamics, dynamic state of pressure well, dynamic pressure steel tube and turbine dynamics is established. The nonlinear hydraulic turbine model based on the characteristic correlation in the system is proposed. The dynamic equations of the system are introduced through the analysis of the characteristics of the complex hydraulic system, and the dynamic equations of the system are extended and the validity of the model is compared and analyzed. The mutual hydraulic interference between the units of a multi machine system with a bifurcated tube is established. The dynamic model and the hydraulic decoupling analysis method have realized the theoretical modeling and transient analysis of the multi machine coupling of the tunnel pressure well pressure pipe (head + pipe) - hydraulic turbine system of the hydropower station. (2) the internal coupling relationship between the water diversion system, the hydroelectric generation system and the speed control control system of the hydropower station is studied, and the Hamilton theory is also studied. In the unified framework, the Hamilton function of the water and electrical system is constructed. The energy transport relationship between different subsystems is characterized by Hamilton function. A theoretical model of the coupling of water and electricity in the complex hydraulic system is established. The coupling relationship and dynamics of the variables between the systems are described by the structure matrix and damping matrix characterized by the characteristics of the system. Characteristics, a transient analysis method is proposed for the coupling of internal parameters among the subsystems. The correlation mechanism of transient process with power load disturbance and the transport mechanism of dynamic effects between systems are revealed. (3) the coupling theory and modeling method based on coupled water hammer model are studied, and a coupled water hammer model is established. The coupled transient analysis method based on the characteristic curve of the hydraulic turbine integrated model is proposed. According to the characteristics of the power load variation, the moving guide and speed control system in the model will be based on the comprehensive characteristic curve of the hydraulic turbine, and automatically track the change characteristics of the electric power load and iteratively complete the transient response of the hydraulic system. The transient time history of each variable is obtained. The numerical example shows that the established theoretical model and the proposed method can well reflect the coupling dynamic effect between the systems during the transient process of the hydroelectric power system, and can effectively predict the parameter variation and the change law of the systems during the transient process. (4) the hydroelectric power system of the hydropower station is studied. The stability and control problem under the system coupling, the Lyapunov function of the system is constructed based on the Hamilton function of the system. The stabilization controller under the given output condition is designed. The control principle and strategy of the structure matrix injection modification based on the Hamilton water electromechanical coupling model and the modification of the damping matrix injection are proposed, and the corresponding design is designed. The controller realizes the tracking control of the system power regulation and frequency regulation by the active guide blade. The simulation example shows that the proposed control theory and method can effectively stabilize the transient oscillation of the system.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV734

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