通过D-π-A小分子的界面修饰提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 18:07

本文选题：D-π-A分子 + 界面修饰　；参考：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：不断增长的全球能源消耗再加上严重的环境问题,正在敦促人类去寻求与开发能够推动整个社会可持续发展的清洁可再生能源。太阳能是一种洁净环保、绿色清洁并且可以源源不断的获得的可再生的自然能源。众所周知人们对太阳能的开发和利用最为可行和最具有发展潜力的手段与方法就是直接将这种清洁的自然能源转化为电能。作为最新一代的光伏器件,钙钛矿太阳能电池不但制造成本低廉、工艺过程简单而且还具有环境友好的优势。根据美国可再生能源实验室的最新报道,目前有机无机杂化的光伏电池已经成为了当下最热门的领域之一。这种由有机物和无机物共同组成的光伏器件当前主要以钙钛矿材料为核心的光伏器件为主。因为其能量转化效率在短短的几年间已经突破了22%,据报道与单晶硅太阳能电池的性能已然相差不大。目前国内外大多数的课题组都是通过研发新型的钙钛矿类物质、对钙钛矿晶体光吸收层进行改良、钙钛矿活性层晶体生长的微观形貌进行不断的调整,还有一部分关键的研究方向就是用一些有机物对电子传输层或HTM层进行修饰等来提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率。而本论文则主要是通过界面工程的方法对钙钛矿光伏器件中起着传导电子作用的介空Ti02层进行吸附来提高电池的器件的光电转化效率,我们围绕着上面的思路主要开展了下面两方面工作:(1)关于可再生的清洁能源、依靠太阳能制备出的不同种类的光伏电器件和新兴起来的钙钛矿光伏电池的发展概况。(2)从DSSCs光伏器件的思路出发进行探索。研究D-π-A小分子的分子特征与电池被修饰后的光电参数的相互关系。4-氨乙基苯甲酸分子设计合成,羧基作为锚定基团与Ti02介孔层连结构。通过光物理、光伏以及电化学方法对一系列D-π-A小分子进行了相关性能的测试与研究。研究结果表明,以钙钛矿材料为核心的光伏器件的光电性能随着氨基链的缩短而逐渐提升。(3)通过界面工程的方法将D-π-A小分子4-氨基水杨酸吸附到介空二氧化钛层上,提升了器件的能量转换效率。在水杨酸结构与二氧化钛纳米粒子之间的三齿锚定模式可以提高界面间电子注入效率,显著地提高了钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能。通过使用不同种类的D-π-A小分子进行筛选,基于4-氨基水杨酸修饰后的器件的光电转换效率是14.4%,而没有经过任何修饰的器件的效率为11.1%,有了将近30%的提升。通过对I-V数据以及IPCE数据的分析可得,填充因子(由58.3%提高至67.2%)和短路电流(由18.87 mA/cm2提高到20.81 mA/cm2)的提高是能量转换效率大幅增长的关键因素。通过扫描电镜(SEM)等表征手段对钙钛矿活性层薄膜表面形貌进行分析表明D-π-A小分子的修饰提高了电子由钙钛矿层向TiO2介孔层中的注入效率,从而有利于电池性能的提升。电化学阻抗谱(EES)的测试证明在钙钛矿层与介空二氧化钛层间插入4-氨基水杨酸单分子层能够有效地抑制电子-空穴对在金属氧化物电荷传输层与钙钛矿光吸收层之间界面处的再度复合,从而显著的提高了电荷由钙钛矿层经过D-π-A小分子的π桥注入到介空二氧化钛层的效率。
[Abstract]:The growing global energy consumption, coupled with a serious environmental problem, is urging mankind to seek and develop clean renewable energy that can promote the sustainable development of society as a whole. Solar energy is a clean, green, and continuously renewable natural energy source. As the latest generation of photovoltaic devices, the perovskite solar cells not only have low cost, simple process but also have the advantages of friendly environment. According to the renewable energy in the United States, the new generation of photovoltaic devices can be used as the latest generation of photovoltaic devices. The latest report of the laboratory is that organic-inorganic hybrid photovoltaic cells have become one of the hottest areas now. This photovoltaic device, which is composed of organic and inorganic substances, is currently mainly the core of the perovskite material, because its energy conversion efficiency has exceeded 22% in a few years, it is reported to have been reported. The performance of the monocrystalline silicon solar cell is not quite different. Most of the research groups at home and abroad are developing the new perovskite material, improving the perovskite crystal light absorption layer and adjusting the micromorphology of the perovskite active layer crystal growth, and some key research directions are the use of one of the key research directions. Some organic materials modify the electron transport layer or HTM layer to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells. This paper is mainly based on the interface engineering method to adsorb the dielectric Ti02 layer of the perovskite photovoltaic devices to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery devices. The following two aspects of the work are carried out: (1) the development of renewable clean energy, different kinds of photovoltaic devices based on solar energy and the emerging perovskite photovoltaic cells. (2) explore from the idea of DSSCs photovoltaic devices. Study on the molecular characteristics and batteries of D- PI -A small molecules The relationship of the modified optoelectronic parameters.4- ammonia ethyl benzoic acid molecular design synthesis, carboxyl as anchoring group and Ti02 mesoporous layer structure. Through photophysics, photovoltaic and electrochemical methods for a series of D- PI -A small molecules related properties test and study. Research results show that the core of the perovskite core photovoltaic The photoelectric properties of the device gradually increase with the shortening of the amino chain. (3) the D- PI -A small molecule 4- amino salicylic acid is adsorbed on the mesoporous titanium dioxide layer by the interface engineering method. The energy conversion efficiency of the device is enhanced. The three tooth anchoring mode between the salicylic acid structure and the titanium dioxide nanoparticles can improve the electron beam between the interface. The efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is significantly improved. By using different kinds of D- PI -A small molecules, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device based on 4- amino salicylic acid is 14.4%, while the efficiency of the device without any modification is 11.1%, and it has nearly 30% enhancement. Through the I-V data and the IPCE number According to the analysis, the filling factor (from 58.3% to 67.2%) and the increase of short circuit current (from 18.87 mA/cm2 to 20.81 mA/cm2) are the key factors to increase the energy conversion efficiency. The surface profile of the perovskite active layer film is analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other characterization means that the modification of the small molecule of D- PI -A improves the electricity. The injection efficiency of the sublayer from the calcium titanium layer to the TiO2 mesoporous layer is beneficial to the improvement of the battery performance. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EES) tests prove that the insertion of 4- amino salicylic acid single molecular layer between the calcium and titanium layer and the mesoporous titanium dioxide layer can effectively suppress the electron hole pair in the oxide charge transfer layer and the perovskite light absorption layer. The recombination between the interfaces increases the efficiency of charge injected from the TiO 2 layer to the TiO2 layer through the pion bridge of D- PI -A small molecules.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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