电动汽车充电对电网负荷的影响及最优充电策略研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 23:13

本文选题：电动汽车 + 保有量预测　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：基于技术的进步、环保的要求以及未来可以预见的化石燃料短缺,电动汽车行业正在逐渐兴起。虽然适当数量的电动汽车入网充电不会引起大的波动,但是随着电动汽车的大范围普及,电动汽车在交通运输中的应用越来越广泛,它的规模化接入必然会对电力系统的运行和管理造成各种影响。电动汽车可以被看作有较强移动性的不可控负载。大规模的电动汽车接入电网进行充电将会产生新的大功率负荷,并很容易与家庭常规用电负荷高峰重合。现有重载网络中会出现部分线路过载的问题;主干线路中会出现电压过低的问题;低压配电网中会出现线损增加、压降变大、相间负荷不平衡的问题。另一方面,随着技术的发展,汽车到电网技术(V2G)将得到广泛应用,停驶的车辆可以作为分布式电源为电网供电,这一模式将改变线路中潮流的方向,使继电保护整定变得复杂。本文拟定2030年为目标年份,郑州市为目标城市。根据国内电动汽车行业的发展状况对2030年各类型电动汽车的保有量进行了预测;根据不同类型车辆的行驶习惯对其充电过程进行了独立的数学建模。之后根据保有量预测的结果结合建立的模型得到在不考虑其他影响因素下电动汽车的充电负荷曲线;结合电网的基础负荷定量分析了大规模车辆充电对基础负荷的影响。在此研究分析的基础上结合分时电价制订了车辆最优充电策略,研究了策略改变后负荷曲线的变化;最优充电策略的实施改善电网日负荷特性曲线的品质,减小了峰谷差,避免了充电负荷与高峰负荷的重叠,减少了激增负荷。在结论与展望中提及V2G技术,这种能在汽车与电网之间产生互动的技术将会是未来解决电动汽车大规模入网的最终方法。
[Abstract]:Based on technological advances, environmental requirements and the foreseeable shortage of fossil fuels in the future, the electric vehicle industry is on the rise. Although the proper number of electric vehicles charging into the network will not cause large fluctuations, but with the wide spread of electric vehicles, electric vehicles in the transportation of more and more widely used. Its large-scale access will inevitably have a variety of impacts on the operation and management of power systems. An electric vehicle can be regarded as an uncontrollable load with strong mobility. Large-scale electric vehicles connected to the power grid for charging will generate a new high-power load and easily coincide with the household normal load peak. In the existing heavy-haul network, part of the line overload will occur; in the trunk line, the voltage will be too low; in the low-voltage distribution network, the line loss will increase, the voltage drop will become larger, and the load between phases will be unbalanced. On the other hand, with the development of technology, vehicle to power grid technology (V2G) will be widely used. The suspended vehicle can be used as a distributed power source to supply power to the power grid. This mode will change the direction of power flow in the line and make the setting of relay protection become more complicated. This paper proposes 2030 as the target year, Zhengzhou as the target city. According to the development of electric vehicle industry in China, the quantity of electric vehicles in 2030 is predicted, and the independent mathematical model of charging process is established according to the driving habits of different types of vehicles. Then according to the results of the quantity prediction and the established model, the charging load curve of electric vehicle is obtained without considering other factors, and the influence of large-scale vehicle charging on the basic load is quantitatively analyzed in combination with the basic load of power grid. On the basis of the research and analysis, the optimal charging strategy of vehicle is worked out in combination with the time-sharing price, and the change of the after-load curve is studied, and the implementation of the optimal charging strategy improves the quality of the daily load characteristic curve and reduces the peak-valley difference. Avoid the overlap of charge load and peak load and reduce surge load. In conclusion and prospect, the technology of V2G, which can create interaction between automobile and power grid, will be the final method to solve the problem of large-scale electric vehicle network access in the future.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM73

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