风电场储能电池的容量优化配置

发布时间：2018-06-07 21:10

本文选题：风电功率波动 + 容量优化　；参考：《山东理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科技的进步和经济的飞速发展,使得全球对电力的需求日益增加。然而由于石油、煤炭等一次能源对环境气候的影响,使得风能等清洁能源正广泛得到开发和利用。但是风力发电也存在一些问题:风电输出功率具有随机性、波动性,使得风电并网给电力系统的安全和稳定性方面带来一系列的影响。同时,风力发电的装机容量也在逐年增加,使风力发电对电力系统的影响越发受到人们的重视。储能技术使风力发电系统并网时有个能量缓冲,将储能装置引入到风力发电系统中,对于功率的波动有一定的平抑效果,以此来减轻风电并网对电力系统的不利影响,从而提高电力系统安全运行的稳定性以及电网消纳风电的能力。在各种储能技术中,液流电池具有循环寿命长、结构简单、成本较低、功率和容量相互独立等优点,目前正广泛应用于储能系统中。此外,超级电容的功率密度大、能量转换效率高,但价格昂贵,所以和液流电池相结合组成混合储能系统,让其发挥各自的优势,非常适合在风力发电储能系统中使用。但是储能容量的大小也不容忽视:容量过小使得平抑效果不明显,过大又失去了经济性。在此种情况下,本文提出分别通过液流电池的单一储能和液流电池—超级电容的混合储能来优化储能装置的容量问题。其主要工作有:(1)对风电场输出功率的波动性做了简要分析,并给出了平抑波动效果的评价指标和液流电池、超级电容的特性及数学模型,为储能系统的容量优化奠定了基础。(2)对单一储能而言,建立以风电场输出功率与输出功率参考值标准差和储能容量成本最小为目标函数,根据不同的时间窗口,采取不同的参考输出功率,利用粒子群优化算法针对具体算例进行优化的方案,得到了不同时间窗口下需要配置的不同的储能容量。在实际生产中,根据当地的调度计划,选取不同的时间窗口,从而选择既符合风电并网要求、经济性又较好的容量作为所配电池的额定容量。(3)根据液流电池储能和超级电容储能的各自特点,提出将液流电池和超级电容结合(超级电容平抑较高频率、液流电池平抑较低频率),并基于低通滤波原理计算了混合储能系统中两者各自的功率和容量大小,最后将混合储能和单一储能进行简单的对比,得出了采用混合储能既能较好的平滑风电功率波动,又能使储能成本有所降低的结论。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology and the rapid development of economy, the global demand for electricity is increasing day by day. However, due to the impact of primary energy, such as oil and coal, on the environmental climate, clean energy such as wind energy is being widely developed and utilized. However, there are some problems in wind power generation: wind power output is stochastic and fluctuating, which makes wind power grid connection bring a series of impacts on the safety and stability of power system. At the same time, the installed capacity of wind power is increasing year by year. Energy storage technology makes the wind power system have an energy buffer when it is connected to the grid. Introducing the energy storage device into the wind power generation system has a certain stabilizing effect on the fluctuation of the power, so as to reduce the adverse effect of the wind power grid connection on the power system. In order to improve the stability of the safe operation of the power system and the ability of the power grid to absorb wind power. Liquid flow batteries are widely used in energy storage systems because of their advantages of long cycle life, simple structure, low cost and independent power and capacity among various energy storage technologies. In addition, the super capacitor has high power density and high energy conversion efficiency, but it is expensive, so the hybrid energy storage system is composed of liquid flow battery, which makes it play its respective advantages and is very suitable for use in wind energy storage system. But the size of energy storage capacity can not be ignored: too small capacity makes the effect of stabilization is not obvious, too large and lose the economy. In this case, the capacity of the energy storage device is optimized by the single energy storage of the liquid flow battery and the hybrid energy storage of the liquid flow battery and super capacitor, respectively. The main work is: (1) the fluctuation of output power of wind farm is analyzed briefly, and the evaluation index of wave suppression effect and the characteristics and mathematical model of liquid flow battery, super capacitor and supercapacitor are given. For a single energy storage system, the minimum standard deviation of output power and output power of wind farm and the minimum cost of energy storage capacity are taken as objective functions, according to different time windows. Using different reference output power, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the specific examples, and different energy storage capacity is obtained under different time windows. In the actual production, according to the local scheduling plan, select different time windows, so that both meet the requirements of wind power grid, According to the characteristics of liquid flow battery energy storage and super capacitor energy storage, the combination of liquid flow battery and super capacitor is proposed. Based on the principle of low-pass filter, the power and capacity of the hybrid energy storage system are calculated, and the comparison between the hybrid energy storage system and the single energy storage system is made. It is concluded that the mixed energy storage can not only smooth the fluctuation of wind power, but also reduce the cost of energy storage.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM614;TM53

【参考文献】