永磁同步电机矢量控制策略的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-06-08 23:07

本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 矢量控制　；参考：《济南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：永磁同步电机由于具有重量轻、转矩脉动小、调速范围宽等优点,在现代化工业控制等诸多领域得到广泛应用,其前景和发展趋势不容小觑。电机采用的控制策略的差异,对其实际运行性能的影响颇深,基于此,对电机控制系统展开研究有着极其重要的现实意义。课题针对永磁同步电机本体和矢量控制算法展开研究。首先,本文介绍了永磁同步电机的结构组成和工作原理,在深入理解电机的基本结构和运行方式后,给出了永磁同步电机的数学模型。基于“双反应理论”,通过坐标变换,将电机从空间角度互差120?的定子三相ABC静止坐标系变换到相互垂直的转子两相d-q旋转坐标系。在d-q轴系下,电机转矩方程得以简化,结合课题采用的表面贴装式永磁同步电机类型,转矩的大小就正比于永磁体磁链和定子q轴电流分量的乘积。其次,就矢量控制算法的基本原理和几种具体的实现方法展开讨论。由于永磁体磁链大小已知,因此对电机转矩大小的控制可以转化为对电机电流大小的控制,可以进一步归结为对d轴和q轴电流分量进行调节,于是选取“id=0”矢量控制方法,即把定子电流固定在q轴方向上,使其与永磁体磁链正交,该方法计算简单,控制性能良好,形成了“转速—转矩—电流”的控制链条。空间矢量脉宽调制技术作为矢量控制过程中非常重要的环节,论文对它的基本原理和算法实现进行了详细描述,该技术把对磁场圆形轨迹问题的研究转化为对电压矢量运动轨迹的研究,是输出三相正弦电压实现变频调速的关键。在熟悉矢量控制流程和各个实现环节后,课题通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境搭建仿真模型验证算法本身和系统设计的可行性。根据MATLAB/Simulink提供的SimPowerSystems扩展模块库对电机矢量控制系统进行仿真;结合实验过程中实际使用的DSP(Digital Signal Processor)芯片TMS320F28035和DBL140P永磁同步电机,通过MATLAB与CCS(Code Composer Studio)编程环境的交互式开发实现仿真模型代码的自动生成,完成了实际电机的调速控制。本研究的工作重点在于,利用两种仿真模型依次对矢量控制算法效果进行验证,分别是MATLAB纯软件仿真和真实的电机实验。前者利用一系列仿真参数效果图对比观察,后者则通过电机运行效果直观体现,二者充分证明了矢量控制策略作为永磁同步电机调速控制算法的可行性和实用性。结果表明,该电机矢量控制系统启动和制动性能良好,速度波动周期短,转矩突变时电流能够迅速响应变化,运行期间转速平稳,完美的诠释了矢量控制算法的优越性,说明该算法能够适用于永磁同步电机的实际控制。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely used in many fields such as modern industrial control due to its advantages of light weight, low torque ripple and wide speed range. The prospect and development trend of PMSM are not to be underestimated. The difference of the control strategy used by the motor has a deep influence on its actual operation performance. Based on this, the research on the motor control system is of great practical significance. In this paper, the main body and vector control algorithm of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are studied. Firstly, this paper introduces the structure and working principle of PMSM. After deeply understanding the basic structure and operation mode of PMSM, the mathematical model of PMSM is given. Based on the "double reaction theory", the motor is deviated from each other from the angle of space by coordinate transformation. The stator three-phase ABC stationary coordinate system is transformed to the perpendicular rotor two-phase d-q rotating coordinate system. Under d-q shafting, the motor torque equation is simplified, and the torque is proportional to the product of permanent magnet flux chain and stator Q axis current component combined with the type of surface mount permanent magnet synchronous motor. Secondly, the basic principle of vector control algorithm and several specific implementation methods are discussed. Since the flux of permanent magnet is known, the control of motor torque can be transformed into the control of motor current, which can be further reduced to adjusting the current components of d axis and Q axis, so the "id=0" vector control method is selected. The stator current is fixed in the direction of Q axis so that it is orthogonal to the flux chain of permanent magnet. The method is simple in calculation and has good control performance. The control chain of "rotational speed, torque and current" is formed. Space Vector Pulse width Modulation (SVPWM) is a very important part of vector control. The basic principle and algorithm of SVPWM are described in detail in this paper. This technique transforms the research of magnetic field circular trajectory into the study of voltage vector motion trajectory, which is the key to realize frequency conversion speed regulation by output three-phase sinusoidal voltage. After we are familiar with the vector control flow and each realization link, we build the simulation model through MATLAB / Simulink simulation environment to verify the feasibility of the algorithm itself and the design of the system. According to the SimPowerSystems extended module library provided by MATLAB / Simulink, the motor vector control system is simulated, and the DSP Digital signal process (DSP) chips TMS320F28035 and DBL140P PMSM are used in the experiment. Through the interactive development of MATLAB and CCSU Code composer Studio programming environment, the code of simulation model is generated automatically, and the speed regulation control of actual motor is completed. The emphasis of this study is that the effect of vector control algorithm is verified by two simulation models, which are MATLAB software simulation and real motor experiment. The former is compared and observed by a series of simulation parameters, while the latter is intuitively reflected by the motor running effect, which fully proves the feasibility and practicability of vector control strategy as a speed control algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The results show that the motor vector control system has good performance in starting and braking, short fluctuation period of speed, rapid response of current to torque mutation, stable speed during operation, and perfect explanation of the superiority of vector control algorithm. It shows that the algorithm can be applied to the practical control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM).
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341

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