户式变频空调压缩机矢量控制研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 02:34

本文选题：变频空调压缩机 + 内埋式永磁同步电动机　；参考：《东北石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：内埋式永磁同步电动机因其效率高、调速性能好等优点而被广泛应用于包括空调压缩机控制系统在内的诸多工业领域。传统的基于异步电动机的空调系统压缩机已逐渐被内埋式永磁同步电动机取代。由于客观条件的限制使负责驱动的内埋式永磁同步电动机无法安装转子位置传感器。本文以内埋式永磁同步电动机为研究对象,对其矢量控制系统和无位置转速估计技术展开研究。压缩机作为变频空调的核心,其多输入多输出的强耦合、非线性和时滞性致使压缩机的调速系统无法依靠简单的PID控制器甚至单一的智能算法实现有效地实时调节。为此,本文对模糊免疫PID控制器进行改进。改进的模糊免疫控制器利用免疫算法对隶属函数和控制规则进行分阶段优化,降低计算复杂度;同时引入加权因子实现控制器在模糊控制和模糊免疫PID控制之间的控制模式转换。改进的模糊免疫PID控制器将克服传统模糊免疫PID只优化比例系数的缺点,实现比例、积分、微分参数的免疫智能实时并行优化。在无位置传感器技术的研究方面,采用复合观测器策略,即将分别适用于低速域和中、高速域的脉振高频电压注入法和扩展反电动势模型观测法结合起来。但是两种无位置传感器技术的结合需要考虑到共同作用及不同速域时技术的切换问题。两种方法各自作用程度的确定多采用线性变化的权重系数,但是该方法在转速切换点附近的转速估计误差较大,权重函数的线性选取不利于两种估计方法的结合。基于此建立多目标寻优模型,提出利用遗传算法实现权重系数的实时优化,最大程度地合理分配两种无位置传感器控制技术的作用程度。利用Matlab对内埋式永磁同步电动机变频空调压缩机全速域矢量控制系统进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明改进的模糊免疫PID转速控制器可有效抑制低速域转速脉动,并使全速域范围的转速稳态精度、动态响应性能得到改善。同时仿真结果也充分说明遗传算法优化转子位置复合观测器的权重系数使内埋式永磁同步电动机运行在转速过度区时具有平滑的增速性能,更有效地实现变频空调压缩机全速域的转速控制。
[Abstract]:Embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is widely used in many industrial fields, including air conditioning compressor control system, because of its high efficiency and good speed regulation performance. The traditional air-conditioning system compressor based on asynchronous motor has been gradually replaced by embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Due to the limitation of objective conditions, the embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which is in charge of driving, cannot install rotor position sensor. In this paper, the embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is studied. Compressor as the core of frequency conversion air conditioning, its strong coupling of multi-input and multi-output, nonlinear and time-delay, the compressor speed control system can not rely on simple pid controller or even a single intelligent algorithm to achieve effective real-time regulation. Therefore, the fuzzy immune pid controller is improved in this paper. The improved fuzzy immune controller uses the immune algorithm to optimize the membership function and control rules in stages to reduce the computational complexity. At the same time, the weighted factor is introduced to realize the control mode conversion between fuzzy control and fuzzy immune pid control. The improved fuzzy immune pid controller will overcome the shortcoming of the traditional fuzzy immune pid which only optimizes the proportion coefficient, and realizes the immune intelligent real-time parallel optimization of the proportion, integral and differential parameters. In the research of position-sensorless technology, the hybrid observer strategy is used, that is, the pulse high-frequency voltage injection method and the extended back-EMF model observation method, which are suitable for low-speed and medium-high speed domain, respectively. However, the combination of two sensorless technologies needs to take into account the joint action and the switching problem in different speed range. The weight coefficient of linear variation is often used to determine the degree of action of the two methods, but the error of speed estimation near the rotation speed switching point is large, and the linear selection of weight function is not conducive to the combination of the two methods. Based on this, a multi-objective optimization model is established, and a genetic algorithm is proposed to realize the real-time optimization of the weight coefficients, and to allocate the degree of action of the two sensorless control techniques to the maximum extent. The full speed vector control system of embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) compressor is simulated by Matlab. The simulation results show that the improved fuzzy immune pid speed controller can effectively suppress the speed pulsation in the low speed domain and improve the steady state accuracy and dynamic response performance of the speed in the full speed range. At the same time, the simulation results show that the genetic algorithm optimizes the weight coefficient of the rotor position composite observer, which makes the embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor have a smooth growth performance when it is running in the speed transition zone. The speed control of variable frequency air conditioner compressor in full speed domain is realized more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;TM925.12

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