基于元素直接反应的钙钛矿太阳能电池结构及器件性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 08:25

本文选题：钙钛矿 + 铜　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于钙钛矿太阳能电池来说,深入了解材料的性能(本征晶体结构,材料的掺杂)和太阳能电池器件工作机理(电子和空穴的传输模式,载流子动力学和光伏性能)之间的关系是钙钛矿太阳能电池重要的研究方向之一。在保持较高的电池转换效率的同时,简化制备工艺和降低电池成本是提升钙钛矿太阳能电池应用前景的重要途径。通过掺杂钙钛矿界面与金属接触的优化设计能研究钙钛矿材料的本征特性、摆脱使用空穴传输层、简化钙钛矿太阳能电池制备工艺和得到较高光伏性能,同时也是研究光伏电池器件工作机理的一种非常有效的手段。在本文中,我们报道一种在ITO基底上利用简单的一步旋涂法原位制备出具有独特结构的铜掺杂钙钛矿(CH_3NH_3)1-xCuxPbI3材料。我们首先结合TEM和XPS技术证明了铜元素掺杂在钙钛矿结构中。这个掺杂的现象被证明可能是发生在用于制膜的旋涂过程中,且在该过程中可能原位形成了具有梯度铜铅比的掺杂薄膜。此外,我们设计和制造了一系列反式的无空穴传输层结构ITO/(CH_3NH_3)1-x Cux PbI3/PCBM/Ag器件。通过对这些器件光电性能的初步测试,获得了令人满意的高达15.84%的光电转换效率,这是目前无空穴传输层结构钙钛矿太阳能电池所表现出的优异转换效率。通过分析瞬态光电压(TPV)和KPFM数据,由于合适的费米能级调制作用,铜掺杂的钙钛矿薄膜中光生载流子分离速度加快,同时与ITO界面处的电荷复合减少。同时发现铜掺杂钙钛矿薄膜中可能存在一个从(CH_3NH_3)1-xCuxPbI3表面指向ITO电极的内建电场,并且薄膜内部合适的费米能级对促进空穴的收集和传输起到了关键性作用。该方法除了有效地降低了制造成本,还提供了一种新的原位掺杂的研究方向,即通过调整钙钛矿材料(CH_3NH_3)1-xCuxPbI3的能带结构改善其在ITO一侧收集空穴的能力。针对钙钛矿太阳能电池的组装和系统设计,本文提供了一种钙钛矿太阳能电池新的组装方法,对输配电系统不便利条件下的用户用电问题进行了家用光伏发电系统的设计,包括蓄电池容量的计算、控制器的选择、逆变器的选择等。经过测试,钙钛矿太阳能电池器件的性能得到了相应的验证,也为以后的家用光伏发电系统提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:For perovskite solar cells, learn more about the properties of the materials (intrinsic crystal structure, material doping) and the working mechanism of solar cell devices (electron and hole transport modes). The relationship between carrier dynamics and photovoltaic properties is one of the important research directions of perovskite solar cells. At the same time, it is an important way to improve the application prospect of perovskite solar cells by simplifying the preparation process and reducing the cell cost. Through the optimization design of the contact between doped perovskite interface and metal, the intrinsic characteristics of perovskite materials can be studied, and the preparation process of perovskite solar cells can be simplified and the photovoltaic properties can be obtained by eliminating the use of hole transport layer. At the same time, it is also a very effective means to study the working mechanism of photovoltaic devices. In this paper, we report a novel Cu-doped perovskite Ch _ 3NH _ 3N _ 1-xCu _ xPbI _ 3 material with unique structure prepared on ITO substrate by a simple one-step spin coating method. We first proved that copper doped in perovskite structure by TEM and XPS. It has been proved that the doping may occur in the process of spin-coating, and the doped films with gradient copper-lead ratio may be formed in situ during the process. In addition, we have designed and fabricated a series of trans-hole free transport layer (ITO / T) Ch _ 3NH _ 3s _ (1-x) Cu _ x PbI _ (3 / PCBM / Ag) devices. A satisfactory photoelectric conversion efficiency of up to 15.84% has been obtained through the preliminary measurement of the optoelectronic properties of these devices, which is an excellent conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells with no hole transport layer structure at present. By analyzing the transient photovoltage (TPVV) and KPFM data, due to the appropriate Fermi level modulation, the photoinduced carrier separation rate in the copper-doped perovskite films is accelerated and the charge recombination with the ITO interface is reduced. It is also found that there may be a built-in electric field pointing to the ITO electrode from CHS _ 3NH _ 3H _ 3N _ 1-x Cu _ xPbI _ 3 surface in the copper-doped perovskite film, and the appropriate Fermi energy level in the film plays a key role in promoting the collection and transport of holes. This method not only reduces the manufacturing cost effectively, but also provides a new research direction of in situ doping, that is, by adjusting the energy band structure of the perovskite material, CH3NH3NH3CxCuxPbI3, the energy band structure of the perovskite material can improve its ability to collect holes on the ITO side. Aiming at the assembly and system design of perovskite solar cells, a new assembly method of perovskite solar cells is presented in this paper. Including battery capacity calculation, controller selection, inverter selection and so on. After testing, the performance of perovskite solar cell devices has been verified, which provides a new idea for the future household photovoltaic power generation system.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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