RPL路由协议在智能电网AMI网络应用中的研究与优化

发布时间：2018-06-13 11:14

本文选题：智能电网 + AMI网络　；参考：《华北电力大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：大量数据采集和信息处理技术保障了智能电网的有效运行,而高级量测体系AMI网络是实现智能化电网迈出的第一步。在AMI网络中,设备之间的链接一般具有高丢包率、低带宽、不稳定的特点,这种类型的网络通常被称为低功耗有损网络LLNs。目前RPL路由协议成为针对LLNs的最成熟的解决方案,因其适用于低功耗、低存储、低处理能力的嵌入式设备,并能满足大规模的监视、控制要求,成为AMI网络中重要的路由协议。但RPL协议在AMI网络的应用中还存在诸多缺陷,需要通过优化和改进来满足AMI网络严格的性能指标要求,因此研究RPL路由协议在AMI网络应用中的优化是至关重要的。本文针对RPL路由协议在AMI网络中的应用、作用机理、关键机制进行了介绍和分析,在此基础上,分析了RPL路由协议的主要优缺点,并重点研究了RPL协议在AMI网络中负载均衡方面的优化,提出两个负载均衡算法,在AMI网络中降低整个电网在信息传输方面的损耗。第一,本文对路由过程中的普通节点进行负载均衡机制的添加,定义了两个路由度量参考指标:邻居距离和剩余能量级别,并使用了两重负载均衡方法:划分能级和通信半径的改变,设计了基于普通节点负载均衡的OLB-RPL路由优化协议,提升了路由选择过程中能量的有效性并大大增加了节点的生命周期;第二,本文针对OLB-RPL路由协议中出现的没有统一的权重分配、只局限于整个网络通信量均匀情况的两个问题进行改进,给出了基于组合权重的RPL协议负载均衡算法,引入节点通信量构成三个参考度量并使用组合权重计算综合评价隶属度,根据综合评价隶属度寻找最优下一跳节点。最后,针对本文给出的两个改进算法设计了相应的场景仿真,结果验证了算法的有效性,证明本文提供的两个负载均衡算法可以提升RPL协议在智能电网AMI网络应用中的能量有效性和适用性。
[Abstract]:A large amount of data acquisition and information processing technology ensure the effective operation of smart grid, and the advanced measurement system AMI network is the first step to realize intelligent grid. In AMI networks, the links between devices are generally characterized by high packet loss rate, low bandwidth and instability. This type of network is usually called low power loss LLNs. At present, RPL routing protocol has become the most mature solution for LLNs, because it is suitable for embedded devices with low power consumption, low storage and low processing capacity, and can meet the requirements of large-scale monitoring and control, it has become an important routing protocol in AMI networks. However, there are still many defects in the application of RPL protocol in AMI network, which need to be optimized and improved to meet the strict performance requirements of AMI network. Therefore, it is very important to study the optimization of RPL routing protocol in AMI network. In this paper, the application, mechanism and key mechanism of RPL routing protocol in AMI network are introduced and analyzed. On this basis, the main advantages and disadvantages of RPL routing protocol are analyzed. This paper focuses on the optimization of RPL in AMI network, and proposes two load balancing algorithms to reduce the loss of information transmission in AMI network. First, this paper adds load balancing mechanism to common nodes in routing process, and defines two routing metrics: neighbor distance and residual energy level. Two load balancing methods are used: the change of partition energy level and communication radius, and the OLB-RPL routing optimization protocol based on load balancing of common nodes is designed. It improves the efficiency of energy in routing process and greatly increases the life cycle of nodes. Secondly, this paper focuses on the lack of uniform weight allocation in OLB-RPL routing protocol. This paper presents a load balancing algorithm for RPL protocol based on combinatorial weight, which is limited to two problems of uniform network traffic, and introduces node traffic to form three reference metrics and uses combined weight to calculate the membership degree of comprehensive evaluation. The optimal next hop node is found according to the membership degree of comprehensive evaluation. Finally, the corresponding scene simulation is designed for the two improved algorithms presented in this paper. The results show that the algorithm is effective. It is proved that the two load balancing algorithms provided in this paper can improve the energy efficiency and applicability of RPL protocol in smart grid AMI network.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM76

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